2444019
| Question | Answer |
| What are the prototype drugs for beta adrenergic agonists? | salmeterol (Serevent, a LABA) albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, a SABA) |
| What is the anticholinergic prototype drug? | ipratropium (Atrovent) |
| What is the prototype drug for methylzanthines? | theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theolair) |
| Are beta adrenergic agonists bronchodilators or anti-inflammatories? | bronchodilators |
| Are anticholinergics bronchodilators or anti-inflammatories? | bronchodilators |
| Are methylxanthines bronchodilators or anti-inflammatories? | bronchodilators |
| Are inhaled corticosteroids bronchodilators or anti-inflammatories? | Anti-inflammatories |
| Are mast cell stabilizers bronchodilators or anti-inflammatories? | anti-inflammatories |
| Are leukotriene modifiers bronchodilators or anti-inflammatories? | anti-inflammatories |
| What is the inhaled corticosteroid drug prototype? | beclamethasone (Beconase AQ, Qvar) |
| What is the mast cell stabilizer drug prototype? | cromolyn (Intal) |
| What is the leukotriene modifier drug prototype? | montelukast (Singulair) |
| What is the H1-receptor antagonist 1st generation prototype drug? | diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
| What is the H1-receptor antagonist 2nd generation prototype drug? | loratidine (Claritin) |
| What is the sympathomimetic (decongestant) prototype drug? | phenylephrine (Afrin) |
| What is the non-opioid antitussive drug prototype? | dextromethorphan |
| What is the opioid antitussive drug prototype? | codeine |
| What is the expectorant drug prototype? | guaifenesin (Mucinex) |
| What are common adverse effects of anti-histamines? | Sedation, constipation, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, visual changes, and paradoxical excitation |
| What is the mucolytic prototype drug? | acetylcysteine |
| What are the two main uses of acetylcysteine? | 1. Loosen thick bronchial secretions for chronic diseases like cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis 2. Orally or IV for acetaminophen overdose |
| What is one adverse effect resulting from taking acetylcysteine? | Unpleasant odor (like rotten eggs), N/V, bronchospasm |
| What is the benefit of H1-receptor antagonist? | Dries mucus membranes, decreases nasal congestion and tearing, anti-pruritic effects |
| H1-receptor antagonists are commonly used for allergies. What else could these drugs be used for? | Insomnia, urticaria, vertigo/motion sickness, Parkinson's |
| What are some contraindications for antihistamine therapy? | -CV, resp, hepatic, renal, neuro disease -Glaucoma -Prostatic hypertrophy or difficulty with urination -Fever or active infection -Alcohol use |
| What are some adverse effects of taking PO sympathomimetics? | HTN, CNS stimulation, tremors, dysrhythmias, tachycardia, severe vasoconstriction |
| What are some adverse effects of intranasal corticosteroids/ sympathomimetics? | rebound congestion, nasal irritation, burning, sneezing, HA |
| What are the pharmacodynamics of antitussives? | raises cough threshold in CNS (blocks cough reflex) |
| Who should not use antitussives? | Children under the age of 2. |
| What are some adverse effects of dextromethorphan? | drowsiness, HA, GI upset, CNS depression, paradoxical excitation, respiratory depression |
| What are some adverse effects of expectorants? | drowsiness, HA, GI upset, but no serious adverse effects |
| What are some contraindications for dextromethorphan? | Asthma, smoking, and emphysema |
| What is a contraindication for acetylcysteine? | A patient at risk for GI hemorrhage. |
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