22125687
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| During ventricular systole, which valves are open? | Pulmonary and aortic valves |
| During ventricular diastole, which valves are open? | Tricuspid/Mitral |
| What are the two determinants of Blood Pressure? | 1. Gravity (higher BP in lower body) 2. Aorta/large arteries (level of vasoconstriction determines TPR) |
| The pulmonary circulation comes from the ... ventricle. It is ...pressure/resistance | Right Low |
| The systematic circulation comes from the ... ventricle. It is ...pressure/resistance | Left High |
| What is the purpose of the portal system? | Nutrients are delivered to the liver for detox/processing |
| What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow? At what point is it considered turbulent flow? | Laminar flow happens with axial streaming and is lower resistance, while turbulent flow is higher resistance and bumpy. When Reynold's number >4000 |
| What four factors increase resistance/murmurs and cause turbulent flow? | 1. Increase in diameter without decrease in velocity 2. High velocity 3. Sharp edges 4. Branching |
| How do the flexibility of the tubes help regulate flow? | 1. Tubes can expand in diameter (dilate) to accommodate flow 2. Myogenic Tone means muscle can constrict to prevent overly-high flow |
| What is flow like in the capillaries? | Happens one RBC at a time |
| Cardiac output is a measure of what? The two equations are... | Volume of blood ejected per minute SV*HR or MAP/TPR |
| What does ejection fraction measure? Ejection fraction is calculated by? What does a ejection fraction of less than 40% indicate? | How much of the blood in the left ventricle is pumped out Stroke Volume/End Diastolic Volume Heart failure |
| Flow in the heart is measured by .../min and is equal to... | Liters/min Equal to cardiac output |
| What is the difference between stroke volume and cardiac output? | Stroke volume is the volume per beat, while cardiac output is the volume per minute |
| How is flow out of the heart (SV/CO) calculated with end diastolic/end-systolic volume? | End diastolic-end systolic volume |
| What are the two equations for Mean Arterial Pressure? | 1. Diastolic pressure + ((systolic-diastolic)/3) 2. CO*TPR |
| What is the afterload? | The Total Peripheral Resistance as determined by smooth muscle contraction in the artery |
| According to Darcy's Law, what is the equation for flow? | (P1-P2)/Resistance |
| What is the equation for Resistance (R) | R= (8*viscosity*length of tube)/pir^4 =(8VL)/pir^4 |
| How is resistance totalled in blood vessels in series? | Rs added together |
| How is resistance totalled in blood vessels in parallel? (eg. capillaries) | 1/R1+1/R2.... |
| What is normal CO in a healthy adult? | 5 L/min |
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