Created by C.J. South
about 10 years ago
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Question | Answer |
transmittable diseases are called | Infectious diseases |
% of deaths caused world wide by diseases | 25 |
Disease death % in developed countries | 1% |
Disease death % in developing countries | 46% |
Greatest killing diesease in history of mankind | smallpox |
Seven greatest killing diseases in history | #1 Smallpox plague tuberculosis Flu Typhoid cholera Malaria |
Seven deadly diseases of modern time | #1 tuberculosis AIDS Measles Hepatitis B Respiratory Disease Diarrhea Disease Malaria |
Disease affecting a large population | Epidemic |
An epidemic that spreads | Pandemic |
A disease-producing agent is called | pathogen |
When Illness is cause by a pathogen, it's labeled | Infection |
Major Types of Pathogens | #1 Bacteria #2 Viruses Rickettsia Fungus Protazoa Parasitic worms prions |
Major Bacterial Diseases: | Cholera Plague Syphilis Tetanus Pneumonia Tuberculosis |
Diseased caused by YERSINA PESTIS | Plague |
Disease caused by ANIMAL VECTORS are | Xoonotic diseases |
Anything that caries a disease is a | Vectors |
Hansen's disease is better known as | Leprosy |
Leprosy effects how many people | 20 million |
Tuberculosis is also known as | Consumption or White Plague |
Clostridium has toxins which cause | botulism and tetanus |
Number of people that die from diarrhea disease every year | 3 million |
2 Major diarrhea diseases | Cholera & Dysentary |
The leading infectious disease in the world | H. Pylori (causes Ulcers) |
Sexually transmited disease caused by Treponema pallidum | Syphilis |
causes blindness in 2 million people every year | Chlamydia |
Most common type of bacteria | Streptococcus |
Treptococcus mutans is found on | Teeth (causes cavities) |
Who said bacteria causes diseases? & when? | Louis pasteur. 1870 |
"Bacteria causes infections" was universally excepted when? | 1900's |
First treatments against bacterial diseases | Sulfa drugs |
Antibiotics appeared when? | 1940's |
Major viral diseases | AIDS Colds Hepatitis Herpes Influenza Measles |
One of the Most easily spread infections | Measles |
Shingles is caused by which virus? | Smallpox |
Hepatitis B kills how many each year? | 1 million |
The body's immune response against viruses | Interferon |
Viruses causing the common cold are called? | Rhinovirus |
This disease was called the american plague | Yellow fever |
AIDS stands for? | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
HIV stands for? | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
AIDS kills how many each year | 3 million |
Total AIDS victims so far? | 35 million |
65% of current AIDS victims are where? | Africa |
HIV attacks these blood cells | T-Cells |
Most effective weapon against viruses is? | Vaccination |
this treatment DOES NOT work against viruses | Antibiotics |
Most effective way to prevent the spread of viruses | Handwashing |
This pathogen resembles a bacteria but produces like a Virus | Rickettsia |
Rickettsia has a very strong resemblance to our | Mitochondria |
Best known ricketsia diseases | Typhus & Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
Mycology = | The study of fungi |
2 common fungal diseases | Athletes Foot & Ringworm |
This is usually caused by fungus | Dandruff |
Major Protozoan Diseases | Dysentery & Malaria |
Best known protozoan pathogen which causes Malaria | Plasmodium |
This is transmitted by contaminated water | Amoebic Dysentery |
Dysentery in Mexico, "travelers disease", is also called | Montezuma's Revenge |
Name 3 parasitic worms | Tapeworm Ringworm Leeches |
Swelling of the lymphatic tissue | Elephantiasis |
This pathogen was discovered in the 1990's | Prions |
Prion = | Proteinaceous Infectious |
2 major prion diseases are | Cruetzfeld-Jakob Disease (CJD) Mad Cow Disease |
Prions are mutated | Protiens |
Mad cow disease = | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) |
The prion disease known as KURU was find in | Cannibals |
BSE is spread through the consumption of what? | Infected Meat |
Interacting individuals of species in a specific area at the same time | Population |
the area where a population lives | habitat |
network of different populations living together | community |
Communities interacting with each other and the environment | ecosystem |
living components | Biotic |
non-living components | Abiotic |
Role a species plays in the ecosystem | Niche |
A species found usually in a specific habitat | Native |
Non-native and harmful. Also called | Invasive |
Introduced purposely | Exotic |
Introduced by accident | Alien |
Examples of non-native species introduced | Starling Fire Ant Kudzu Mongoose Zebra Mussels Cane Toads |
Shows effects of change in ecosystem. (i.e frogs) | Indicator species |
Central role in ecosystem | Keystone species |
Examples of Keystone species | Alligators Saguaro Cactus Sea Otters |
Organisms that make their own food | Autotrophs |
General plant eaters | Herbivores |
leaf eaters | Foliovores |
meat eaters | Carnivores |
Insect eaters | Insectivores |
Fish eaters | Piscivores |
plant and animal eaters | Omnivores |
Feed on dead organisms | Detrivores |
The number of different chemical defenses known in nature? (mostly in plants) | 10,000 |
Blending in with the background | Camouflage |
A species appears similar to others | Mimicry |
This type of warning usualy comes in BLACK and YELLOW | Warning Coloration |
Warning Coloration appears in which colors the most? | Black & Yellow |
Unique relationship between 2 different species | Symbiosis |
Symbiosis: Both species benefit | Mutualism |
Symbiosis: One species benefits, other is unaffected | Commensalism |
Symbiosis: One species benefits, one species harmed | Parasitism |
A population of a species, or all of a species is no longer found | Extinct |
Since 1600, what % of extinctions were directly due to man? | 75% |
% Currently at risk of extinction: Birds | 11% |
% Currently at risk of extinction: Reptiles | 20% |
% Currently at risk of extinction: mammals | 27% |
% Currently at risk of extinction: plants | 13% |
% Currently at risk of extinction: amphibians | 25% |
% Currently at risk of extinction: Fish | 38% |
Human extinction/endangerment case studies | Passenger pigeon Buffalo Whales Smallpox |
Wrote the book "Silent Spring" and was considered the first environmentalist | Rachel Carson |
How organisms interact with each other and with environment | Ecology |
All of the earths ecosystems. The Global ecosystem | Biosphere |
Two major types of ecosystems | Water & Land |
Where salt water and fresh water come together | Estuary (on test) |
Terrestrial Ecosystems are defined by | Climate & Organisms |
Organisms defining an ecosystem are usually | Plants |
7 Principle BIOMES | Tropical Rainforest Savannas Desserts Temperate grasslands Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest (Taiga) Tundra |
Permanent frozen ground | Permafrost |
Tundra is made of | Dead Plants and animals |
5 Primary Biogeochemical cycles: | Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfer |
We are creating too much of this for the earth to handle | CO2 (carbon dioxide) & CH4 (Methane) |
Sulfur combining with water vapor to create sulferic acid | Acid Rain |
Any substance in excess that is harmful to living organisms | Pollution |
Major air pollutants: | Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Lead |
Carbon Monoxide= | CO |
Nitrogen dioxide | NO2 |
Elimination of this was a rare success story | Lead |
Acid rain is also called | Acid Deposition |
Acid rain occurs when PH is below | 4.0 |
#1 problem facing man | Climate change |
Insulation blanket of the earth | Greenhouse Effect |
Major greenhouse Gases | Methane Carbon Dioxide |
How much stronger is methane than CO2 | 23x |
Humans produce what % more methane than all natural sources | 150% |
% of current global methane emissions are tied to human activity | 60% |
This Biome is a major source of methane gas | Arctic Tundra |
How much more methane gas is trapped in ice and the ocean than the atmoshpere | 3,000x |
The year temperature started being recorded | 1861 |
Circulation of oceanic water is called the | Ocean Belt |
Consequence of global warming is | Ice Age |
Ozone= | O3 |
What % of harmful rays does ozone block? | 95% |
The "Dream Chemical" | Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Also know as FREON |
Can convert 100,000 ozone molecules to oxygen | 1 Atom of Chlorine |
Effects of lower ozone level on humans | Cataracts Sunburns Skin Cancer Immune Suppression |
% of water that is fresh water | 3% |
How much of our fresh water is trapped in Glaciers | 2/3 |
Areas where ground water flows | Aquifers |
% of people in US that depend on groundwater for drinking water | 60% |
#1 use of freshwater | Toilet flush |
River so polluted that it caught on fire | Cuyahoga River |
Major types of water pollution: | Infectious Agents Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Plant Nutrients |
Examples of: Infectious Agents | Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa |
Examples of: Inorganic Chemicals | Acids Heavy Metals Salts |
Examples of: Organic Chemicals | Oil plastics solvents pesticides |
Examples of: Plant Nutrients | Nitrates Phosphorous |
Accumulation of toxins in food chain | Bio-Magnification |
Process when water has high concentration of nutrients | Eutrophication |
Algae Bloom | Eutrophication |
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