1567967
Description
Flashcards by itstinachen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by itstinachen
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Photosynthesis is carried out by... (3) | all land plants, 7 groups of algae, cyanobacteria |
| Briefly outline the three stages of photosynthesis. | 1. Capture light energy 2. Use captured light energy to make ATP and NADPH 3. Use ATP and NADPH to synthesize organic molecules from CO2 |
| What are light-dependent reactions? 1. requires: 2. location: 3. function is to... 4. makes... | The first set of photosynthesis.. 1. chlorophyll 2. thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts 3. function is to capture energy from sunlight 4. makes ATP and reduce NADP+ to NADPH |
| Light-independent reactions do what? | Use ATP and NADPH to synthesize organic molecules from CO2 to |
| Why is the calvin cycle considered a light independent reaction? | because does not directly make use of any energy from light photons; as long as ATP and NADPH are available, the reaction can occur even in the absence of light. |
| ___________ cells contain most chloroplasts. | mesophyll |
| Define (EM) radiation: | Electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy that travels in the form of wave packets called photons |
| Photons are? How are they characterized? | packets of EM radiation. Characterized by a wavelength that’s inversely proportional to their energy (photons with short wavelengths = high energy) |
| Define Photosystems | Clusters of photosynthetic pigments embedded in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts that absorb light energy |
| What are photosynthetic pigments? | chemical compounds which reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light. This makes them appear "colourful". Flowers, corals, and even animal skin contain pigments which give them their colours. More important than their reflection of light is the ability of pigments to absorb certain wavelengths. |
| what's a porphyrin ring? | a complex ring structure of pigments with alternating double and single bonds |
| Chlorophyll a is the only pigment that can transfer the energy of light to... | to the carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis. |
| What does chlorophyll b do? | acts as an accessory pigment, absorbing photons that chlorophyll a absorbs poorly, or not at all |
| Briefly explain the structure of pigments | •Porphyrin ring: complex ring structure with alternating double and single bonds •Magnesium ion at the center of the ring •Photons excite electrons in the ring •Electrons are shuttled away from the ring |
| Carotenoids | also accessory pigments—transmit photons in the yellow-red range of the spectrum, they appear yellow-orange to the human eye |
| _____________________________ in leaves explains their green colour. ___________ affects chlorophyll production, as discovered by ____________. | 1. High concentration of chlorophyll in 2. chloroplasts 3. Temperature 4. F. F. Blackman (1866-1947) |
| When does the photoelectric effect occur? | photoelectric effect: occurs when photons transfer energy to electrons |
| The light reactions produce _________(1)______________. The reactions of carbon fixation depend on the light reactions for a supply of __________(1)____________, and require light to activate certain enzymes. | 1. NADPH and ATP |
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