13318217
Description
Flashcards by Diamond Sapphire, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Diamond Sapphire
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| when were cows domesticated | 8000 BC |
| first animal to be domesticated? | dog |
| 3 major pathways for domestication | 1) commensals (adapted to human niche) 2) Prey animals for food 3) Target animals for draft |
| Ancestor to the domestic cattle | Aurochs (Bos primigenius) |
| history of Aurochs | evolved in India 6M years ago by 1300, only in Poland went extinct in 1627 |
| When did the first cows arrive in the US? | 1600 AD |
| _____ farming lasted through the early 1800s (small farms that provided for the needs of the family) | Subsistence |
| Milk Boom: When? why did milk consumption increase? | 1840s-1850s temperance movement and a drop in breast feeding |
| 4 main problems with shipping/storing milk | 1) prior to 1800s, drinking milk was a health risk 2) milk from pail loaded with bacteria 3) milk would spoil from heat 4) "milk sick" |
| Gail Borden (famous for?) | patented process for condensed milk |
| Civil War and milk | canned milk was sent to soldiers to provide nutrients (1860-65) |
| What about the condensing process made the product stable? | the heating process--killed bacteria that caused spoilage |
| in the early to mid 1800s, what caused diseases? (what was *thought* to cause diseases) | bad living/luck doing evil deeds spontaneous generation |
| ____ milk used to make condensed milk | skim |
| Early condensed milk lacked ____ and was blamed for what disease in kids? | Vitamin A and D rickets |
| Who invented the cream separator? Why was it important? | Dr. DeLaval increased milk consumption helped make the canned milk process quicker sped up the process to make butter |
| Main difference between condensed milk and evaporated milk | sugar is added to condensed milk |
| how much sugar is added to condensed milk? | 40-45% |
| Why was early canned milk spurned | people were used to watered down milk chalk was added for whiteness molasses added for creaminess were used to adulterated milk |
| When were glass bottles introduced? What else happened around this time/invention? | 1870-1890s rubber nipples and baby bottles. Increased bottle feeding nation's dairy herd size doubled |
| 1870s-1890s: improved methods of ____ increased milk consumption | transport (namely railroads) |
| who helped alleviate the ice drought problem with his invention? | Louis Pasteur (Pasteurization) |
| Pasteur supported what theory? created the vaccine for ___? | "germ theory of disease" rabies |
| who was the first scientist to prove the germ theory of disease? | Robert Koch (Koch's Postulates) |
| Brief explanation of Koch's Postulates | 1) Microorganism identified and isolated from sick animal 2) isolated organism cultured 3) cultured microorganism introduced into a healthy animals 4) microorganism re-isolated from new host and checked to see if it is identical to original microorganism |
| Nathan Strauss | from Talberton, GA opened milk depots in NY |
| 1906: _______ Act (what about pasteurization) | Pure Food and Drug Act pasteurization was recommended but not required |
| 1910 | law passed saying milk must be pasteurized. However, it was never enforced |
| 1924 | PMO |
| WWI and the dairy industry | 1) tractors, automobiles, milking machines electricity, mechanical refrigeration 2) milk delivery system to consumers |
| WWII and the dairy industry | 1) demand for food 2) GI Bill 3) larger farms 4) more efficient farmers 5) fewer farm workers 5) leftover gunpowder=fertilizer |
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