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| Question | Answer |
| What does the collision theory state? | Collision theory states that a reaction won't take place between two particles unless they collide in the right direction and they collide with at least a certain minimum amount of kinetic energy |
| What is activation energy? | The minimum amount of kinetic energy particles need to react |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Reactions with low activation energies happen easily | TRUE |
| What is a Boltzmann distribution curve? | A graph showing the numbers of molecules with different kinetic energies |
| Complete the sentences: During a reaction, some molecules don't have much ___________ energy and move ___________, whilst others have a lot of kinetic energy. If you plot a graph of the numbers of molecules in a substance with different kinetic energies you get a _______________ distribution | During a reaction, some molecules don't have much KINETIC energy and move SLOWLY, whilst others have a lot of kinetic energy. If you plot a graph of the numbers of molecules in a substance with different kinetic energies you get a BOLTZMANN distribution |
| What does a Boltzmann distribution curve look like? |
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| What two factors affect the rate of reaction? | Temperature Concentration/pressure |
| How does temperature affect rate of reaction? | If you increase the temperature of a substance, the molecules will (on average) have more kinetic energy and will move faster. So a greater proportion of molecules will have at least the activation energy and be able to react. Because the molecules are moving faster, they'll collide more often, therefore making the reaction faster. |
| What effect does temperature have on the Boltzmann distribution curve? |
The increase in temperature pushes the Boltzmann distribution curve to the right. The total number of molecules is still the same, which means the area under each curve must be the same
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| How does concentration/pressure affect rate of reaction? | If you increase the concentration of reactants in a solution, the particles will on average be closer together. If they're closer, they'll collide more often. If any of the reactants are gases, increasing the pressure will increase the rate of reaction. At higher pressures, the particles will be closer together, increasing the frequency of successful collisions |
| What effect does concentration/pressure have on the Boltzmann distribution curve? |
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