11726587
Description
Flashcards by Caitlyn Jones, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Caitlyn Jones
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the equation for the reaction of Cl₂ and COLD & DILUTE NaOH? What word can be used to describe the results? | Cl₂ + 2OH⁻ → ClO⁻ + Cl⁻ + H₂O Disproportination |
| What is the equation for the reaction of Cl₂ and HOT & CONCENTRATED NaOH? | 3Cl₂ + 6OH⁻ → ClO₃⁻ + 5Cl⁻ + 3H₂O |
| What are the uses of: Sodium (I) Chlorate? Sodium (V) Chlorate? Sodium Chloride? | Sodium (I) Chlorate = Bleach Sodium (V) Chlorate = Weedkiller Sodium Chloride = Food industry - "Salt" |
| What is the general formula for the reactions of sodium halides with concentrated sulphuric acid? What are the general observations? | NaX + H₂SO₄ → HX + NaHSO₄ Misty fumes (steamy) vapour - Acidic (fume cupboard) |
| What is produced and observed during the reaction with NaCl and H₂SO₄? | HCl - Misty fumes |
| What is the explanation for these products? | Concentrated H₂SO₄ will not oxidise chloride Cl⁻ ions to Chlorine Cl₂ as it is a weaker oxidising agent than chlorine. Chloride ions cannot reduce the sulphur. |
| What is produced and observed during the reaction with NaBr and H₂SO₄? | HBr - Misty fumes Br₂ - Orange/brown fumes SO₂ - Colourless choking gas |
| What is the explanation for these products? | Concentrated H₂SO₄ will oxidise bromide Br⁻ ions to Bromine Br₂ as it is a stronger oxidising agent than bromine. Bromide ions reduce the S in H₂SO₄ - H₂SO₄ → SO₂ +6 +4 |
| What is produced and observed during the reaction with NaI and H₂SO₄? | HI - Misty Fumes I₂ - Purple vapour I₂ - Shiny grey solid SO₂ - Colourless choking gas S - Yellow solid H₂S - Rotten egg smell |
| What is the explanation for these products? | Concentrated H₂SO₄ will oxidise iodide I⁻ ions to Iodine I₂ as it is a stronger oxidising agent than iodine. Iodide ions reduce the S in H₂SO₄ - S = +6 H₂SO₄ → SO₂ S = +4 → S S = 0 → H₂S S = -2 |
| Can Chloride Cl⁻ ions reduce: Bromine Br₂? Iodine I₂? | Both no |
| Can Bromide Br⁻ ions reduce: Chlorine Cl₂? Iodine I₂? | Chlorine - Yes Iodine - No |
| Can Iodide I⁻ ions reduce: Chlorine Cl₂? Bromine Br₂? | Both yes |
| What are the reagents used to test for halide ions? Can you give a general equation? | Reagents:- Nitric acid and Silver nitrate solution Equation:- Ag⁺ (aq) + X⁻ (aq) → AgX (s) |
| What further test can be carried out to distinguish between the halide ions? | Place the silver halide in both dilute and concentrated NH₃ to assess its solubility |
| What is produced when Chloride Cl⁻ are used? What observations are seen? What is its solubility in NH₃? | AgCl produced - White ppt. Soluble in both dilute and concentrated NH₃. |
| What is produced when Bromide Br⁻ are used? What observations are seen? What is its solubility in NH₃? | AgBr produced - Cream ppt. Insoluble in dilute NH₃. Soluble in concentrated NH₃. |
| What is produced when Iodide I⁻ are used? What observations are seen? What is its solubility in NH₃? | AgI produced - Pale yellow ppt. Insoluble in both dilute and concentrated NH₃. |
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