11478571
Description
Flashcards by Sophia Puliasis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sophia Puliasis
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| In what phase of the cell cycle does chromosome segregation take place? | M phase |
| Name the 3 classes of spindle microtubules | - Astral - Kinetochore - Interpolar |
| What happens in interphase? | Chromosomes and centrosomes duplicate (S/G2) |
| What happens in Prophase? | chromosomes start to condense, centrosomes separate and form asters |
| What happens in prometaphase? | Nuclear envelope is broken down, microtubules interact with chromosomes |
| What happens in Metaphase? | Chromosomes bi-orient on spindle and align on the metaphase plate |
| What happens in Anaphase? | sister chromatids separate and move towards the spindle poles, spindle poles move apart |
| What happens in Telophase? | chromosomes arrive at poles and decondense, nuclear envelope reassembles |
| How are M-phase cyclin/CDKs regulated? | 1) phosphorylation and dephosphorylation 2) proteolysis |
| how do chromosomes prepare for mitosis? | - sister chromatid cohesion is established during S-phase - chromosomes are condensed in prophase |
| Microtubules are long and hollow cylinders made of ________________ | profilaments |
| Microtubules associated motors transport cargos along microtubules and also regulate sliding between microtubules. Name the two kinds of motor proteins | kinesins and dyneins |
| Function of Astral microtubules | They radiate in all directions from centrosomes and properly orient the spindle |
| Function of Kinetochore microtubules | They attach to kinetochores and regulate the chromosome motion |
| Interpolar microtubule funtion | they inter-digitate at the spindle equator and generate forces for separation of the poles |
| What does MTOC stand for | microtubule organizing centre (= centrosome(animals), spindle pole body(yeast)) |
| What does the G1/S phase checkpoint monitor? | cell size & DNA damage |
| What does the G2/M phase checkpoint monitor? | DNA replication completion & DNA damage |
| What does the spindle assembly checkpoint monitor? | kinetochore-microtubule attachment |
| How are spindle assembly checkpoint signals generated at kinetochores? | phosphorylation of kinetochore components (eg KNL1) |
| How are spindle assembly checkpoint signals propagated? | Mad2 template model |
| How are spindle assembly checkpoint signals cancelled when microtubules attach to kinetochores? | - Removal of Mad1-Mad2 by Dynein - Phosphatase (PP1) recruitment |
| What is S/G2 centrosome duplication stimulated by? | S-CDK |
| Loss of ______________ activity triggers cytokinesis | M-CDK |
| kinesins-5 and 14 | bridge inetrpolar MTs and regulate spindle length |
| Kinesins 4 and 10 | push chromosome arms towards metaphase plate |
| what does dynein do? | pulls astral microtubules on cell cortex to orient the spindle & focuses MTs at spindle pole |
| dynamic instability of microtubules is regulated by balance of.. | Microtubule associated proteins (elongation) and catastrophe factor (shortening) |
| How is chromosome motion during metaphase and anaphase regulated? | poymerization and depolymerisation of kinetochore microtubules |
| what is the centrosome made of? | 2 fentrioles |
| Chromosome condensation is mediated by? | condensins |
| What do condensin I and II mediate? | axial shortening and lateral compaction, respectively |
| How does meiotic segragation differ from mitosis? | sister kinetochores fuse & behave like a single kinetochore, sister chromatid tensions differentially regulated by chromosome arms and centromeres in anaphase I |
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