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| Question | Answer |
| Whereas quantitative studies focus on hypothesis testing and establishing causal relations, qualitative studies focus on ____________ and ___________. | 1. hypothesis generating 2. understanding life experiences |
| Some example designs of qualitative studies include ___________. | 1. Ethnographic 2. Phenomenology 3. Grounded theory 4. Biography |
| T/F: Participants of qualitative studies are randomly selected, sample size is large and determined by statistical calculation | F. Participants are recruited for a specific purpose. The sample size is small and determined by the question and processes under study. |
| List some methods for qualitative studies. | 1. Interview 2. focus groups 3. participant observation 4. review of documents |
| T/F: It is important to control the experimental procedure. | F. COntrol is not the primary goal. |
| Types of data involved in qualitative studies: | 1. in-depth descriptions of personal experiences 2. field notes 3. records and documents |
| T/F: It is important to carry out statistical analysis for qualitative studies. | F. No statistical analysis. |
| Based on the stated purpose, will the study give you insight into the experience of people/patients that you care about? -- This is a question on _________. | Applicability. |
| To evaluate the internal validity of the study, what are the two factors you consider? | 1. Was a qualitative design appropriate? 2. Was the design appropriate? |
| What are the three types of study used in qualitative study? | 1. Phenomenology 2. Ethnology 3. Grounded theory |
| Phenomenology is the ____________. | Observation and understanding of an experience. |
| Ethnology is the ___________. | Understanding of a specific cultural group. |
| Grounded theory is the __________. | Developing/testing of a theory about life experiences. |
| Recruiting participants to purposely meet certain criteria is ________ sampling. | Purposive sampling |
| Recruiting people until the stories become repetitive is called the _______ of purposive sampling. | saturation |
| Asking participants to recruit others who may have had a similar experience is called __________ sampling. | Snowball sampling |
| Recruiting participants based on who is available is called ___________ sampling. | Convenience sampling |
| To look at whether sampling strategy was clearly defined and justified, 3 questions could be asked: 1. Did the sample include a _________ of individuals? 2. Have the ________ of each subject been defined? 3. Did anyone _____ to participate? Why? | 1. Did the sample include a [USEFUL RANGE] of individuals? 2. Have the [CHARACTERISTICS] of each subject been defined? 3. Did anyone [REFUSE] to participate? Why? |
| 4 questions to be asked to determine the appropriateness of data collection methods: 1. Were the data described in ________? 2. Where there _______ resource/method? 3. Are the methods used _____ and independently ________? 4. Did the observation take in a _________? | 1. Were the data described in [ENOUGH DETAIL]? 2. Where there [MORE THAN ONE] resource/method? 3. Are the methods used [RELIABLE] and independently [VERIFIABLE]? 4. Did the observation take in a [RANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES]? |
| Turning words into manageable data is called _________. | Coding |
| Looking at the topic from different perspectives (such as from the participants and observers) is called _________. | Triangulation |
| To minimize bias: 1. have _____________ researcher perform the analysis. 2. Address the _____ or ______ results. 3. Deriving the theme. | 1. have [MORE THAN ONE] researcher perform the analysis. 2. Fully address the [NEGATIVE] or [DISCREPANT] results. 3. Deriving the theme. |
| Getting the participant's feedback is called _________. | Member-checking |
| The researcher-generated categories that summarize findings is called ________. | THEMES |
| Which questions should you ask to clarify the researcher's relationship between researchers and participants? | 1. what was the researcher's perspective/bias? 2. Have the researchers critically examined his or her own role/ potential bias/influence? 3. Was it clear where the data were collected and why that setting was chosen? 4. How was the research explained to the participants? |
| Questions to examine the credibility of results: 1. Direct ______ to support themes. 2. Is the ________ of raw data clear? 3. Are themes _____ and_____? | 1. Direct [QUOTES] to support themes. 2. Is the [SOURCE] of raw data clear? 3. Are themes [PLAUSIBLE] and [COHERENT]? |
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