Intro to Animal Care Part 1

Question	Answer
The term euthanized refers to:	The process of euthanasia; which is the act of killing hopelessly sick or injured animals in a painless way.
The first veterinary college was established when and where?	Lyon, France in 1761
U.S. Veterinary schools began:	In the 1850s; and usually required less than a year of training.
What happened when state and federal governments upgraded their educational standards?	It caused most short-term schools to close by the turn of the century.
For most of the twentieth century, who dominated veterinarian roles and where did they mostly practice?	The typical veterinarian was male and they treated farm animals in rural areas.
Since 2003, how many U.S. and Canadian veterinary students were female?	80%
According to a 2010 American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) market research reference, more than half (52%) of U.S. veterinarians are female. Reasons for this trend include:	Decreased gender bias at admissions; improved chemical restraint for large animals; numerous female role models; & positive images of veterinarians portrayed in books and on TV.
When did colleges begin offering veterinary technician programs and what were they known as?	In 1961 as an animal technician or animal health technician program.
What does AVMA stand for?	American Veterinary Medical Association
What is the purpose of the AVMA?	It accredits college training programs for veterinarians and veterinary technicians.
What must veterinarians do to become licensed in the United States?	They must graduate from a college approved by the AVMA.
What schooling does a veterinarian need?	A four-year college science degree and an additional four years of veterinary school.
What must a veterinary school graduate pass in order to become licensed?	They must pass both the national and state veterinary board examinations.
How does a veterinary technician become licensed, registered, or certified according to their states own training and certification requirements?	They must graduate from an AVMA-accredited college program which usually takes two years to complete.
What is a veterinary practice act?	The set of laws that govern veterinary medicine in a particular state.
State legislators write regulations based on the recommendations of a:	Veterinary Medical Board
What is a veterinary medical board?	A group of veterinarians appointed by the governor to oversee a state's veterinary medicine.
A veterinary medical board is also known as:	The National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners (NBVME)
What does the National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners (NBVME) do?	The NBVME typically administers license and certificate examinations; it also holds hearings to air complaints about its state's veterinary professionals.
Although the practice acts differ by state, all state practice acts require:	1) A veterinarian to graduate from an AVMA-approved school of veterinary medicine and pass examinations that include a state exam and a National Veterinary Medical Board examination. 2) An individual who diagnoses animal diseases, performs surgery on animals, or prescribes medications for animals, must be a licensed veterinarian.
What do some practice acts require for a veterinarian to maintain a license in their state?	Attend a yearly quota of continuing education, which may include a seminar, a literature review, or college course.
The practice act requires a veterinary technician and other supporting staff members to:	Work under the direct supervision of a licensed doctor of veterinary medicine.
For veterinary support staff, practice acts:	Define their educational requirements and often limit specific veterinary hospital tasks to licensed staff members.
Some practice acts require that advanced laboratory procedures be performed by:	A licensed veterinary technician who has completed an AVMA-approved college program for veterinary technicians.
What is the CVTEA and its role?	The Committee for Veterinary Technician Education and Activities; an AVMA committee that accredits veterinary technology programs.
Most states require veterinary technicians to pass the:	National examination for veterinary technicians.
Some states may accept what types of college courses in place of a veterinary technology program?	Science courses
Different states use what terms to identify veterinary technicians who have met state practice act requirements?	Registered, licensed, or certified.
State practice acts define what requirements a veterinary hospital needs and why is this important?	Specific physical facility requirements are needed in a veterinary hospital; they help to assure the general public that the hospital has the equipment necessary for adquate veterinary services.
Veterinary hospitals are highly regulated by:	Several state and federal government agencies and associations.
Each agency has a special purpose and is designed to enforce a specific set of regulations such as:	Protecting the worker or the public from disease and other hazards.
What is the DEA?	The Drug Enforcement Administration, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice and a federal law enforcement agency.
The DEA is charged with enforcing the:	Controlled Substances Act
What is the Controlled Substances Act?	A federal law that controls the manufacture, purchase, and distribution of certain medications. Exa. Narcotics are addictive medications that are subject to abuse.
Since many drugs used to anesthetize animals are controlled substances, veterinarians must:	Be licensed to buy or prescribe any of these medications.
Controlled Substances Act requirements can be summarized as follows:	1) Veterinarians must have a license to purchase, use, or dispense controlled substances. 2) Controlled substances must be kept in a double-locked area. 3) Any controlled substance used or dispensed must be logged. 4) Written records must be kept for five years. 5) Inventory must be taken every two years.
The U.S. Department of Labor:	Governs issues that affect workers on the job.
A Department of Labor agency is charged with enforcing the standards known as the:	Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (OSHA)
OSHA is in charge of:	Enforcing laws that protect workers from workplace hazards
Federal OSHA regulations allow states to:	Adopt their own regulations, however, some of the state OSHA regulations are similar to the federal ones.
OSHA regulations specify:	Initiatives employers must take to reduce workplace risk.
In the veterinary field, what equipment must employers make available to workers?	Lead aprons (for workers taking radiographs) and protective gloves (for workers handling hazardous chemicals).
The owner of the veterinary practice must be able to document:	That all workers needing protective equipment have been taught its proper use and care.
OSHA's requirements can be summarized as follows:	1) Display job safety and health protection posters. 2) Record occupational injuries and illnesses. 3) Display warning and identification signs. 4) Provide written plans for job safety and health. 5) Train employees in proper procedures. 6) Provide protective equipment for employees.
Which entity governs the various aspects of animal health?	The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The Public Health Service (PHS) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) oversee:	Regulations that pertain to the care and use of animals in biomedical research.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the:	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created to:	Ensure safe and effective food, drugs, and medical devices.
The primary law that the FDA exists to enforce is:	The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
The Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) is the FDA branch that:	Monitors the animal health industry, administering the sections of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that pertains to animals.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) oversees:	Several agencies that help to regulate the veterinary industry.
What is APHIS?	The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is a division of the:	U.S. Department of Agriculture
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is charged with:	Enforcing the Animal Welfare Act
USDA departments oversee:	Import and export of animals and develop programs to control disease in food animals.
A USDA agency, the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS), is charged with:	Ensuring that meat and poultry products are safe and correctly labeled.
The Animal Welfare Act is a group of federal laws designed to:	Ensure that laboratory animals receive the best possible care.
A laboratory animal is an animal kept in a:	Research facility, zoo, or educational institution.
The laws set standards for the care of all warm-blooded animals except:	Rats and mice
The Animal Welfare Act specifies that a laboratory animal's environment must be:	Kept clean, at a comfortable temperature and humidity level, and free of sharp objects that could harm the animal.
The laws of the Animal Welfare Act also apply to breeders who:	Supply animals for research and education.
Laboratory animal technicians and their assistants are often responsible for:	Ensuring that the facility complies with all regulations.
What is the EPA?	The Environmental Protection Agency
EPA-enforced regulations primarily aim to:	Reduce environmental pesticide contamination.
What type of veterinary practice must comply with EPA regulations?	Practices with grooming services.
The EPA also administers an act called the:	Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, however, veterinary practices are exempt from most of its regulations.
Most state departments of health require a veterinary practice to register its:	X-ray machines, as well as stationary, portable, and dental x-ray machines.
Health regulations require equipment in a veterinary practice to be:	Periodically inspected and calibrated.
In 1866, Henry Bergh founded the first animal welfare organization in the United States called the:	American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
State laws require a veterinary practice to obtain a:	Permit from the Department of Business and Professional Regulation.
People seeking to operate a business must usually obtain a:	General business license from the county clerk's office.
Small animal practices treat:	Family pets, or companion animals.
The term small animal practice refers to a:	Veterinary hospital that treats dogs and cats.
Small animal practices that treat guinea pigs, rabbits, birds, and reptiles, are called:	Small animal and companion practices
What is the goal of a veterinary team in a small animal practice?	To provide the best care and services for the client and patient.
The ultimate goal of the veterinary team is to provide the services that:	Help family pets live long and healthy lives.
Preventive health care includes:	Regular physical examinations and vaccinations against common diseases.
A client chooses a particular veterinary hospital for the:	Caring attitude of its staff, exceptional service, and special attention.
Veterinary technicians and assistants greatly influence:	Clients' consent to have services or diagnostic tests performed on their pets.
Most veterinary technicians and assistants work for:	Private small animal practices
The average small animal practice employs:	Two veterinarians, three veterinary technicians, and three veterinary assistants.
To ensure that clients of a mobile clinic have access to all necessary services, veterinary practice acts usually require:	The mobile veterinary practitioner to have an agreement with a local small animal care clinic.
Mobile clinics are often converted	Recreational-type vehicles
The mobile veterinary practitioner travels to:	The client's home to treat the pet.
How does a veterinarian become a specialist?	They take special courses and pass examinations administered by a group of veterinarians called a specialty board.
Small animal care practitioners refer an animal needing specialized or advanced care to a:	Board-certified specialist
Large animal practitioners work exclusively with:	Farm animals
The large animal practitioner works closely with:	Stable managers and managers of large herds of animals.
Much of the large animal veterinarian's focus is:	Disease prevention in large herds
The large animal veterinarian develops programs to help herd managers:	Increase milk or meat production
A large animal veterinarian working from a mobile practice may employ:	An assistant or may receive help from a herd or stable manager.
Large animal practitioners often use:	Mobile clinics
A mixed animal practice refers to a veterinary clinic that treats:	Both large animals and companion animals
Mixed animal practices are similar to:	Small animal hospitals
A mixed animal practice often combines:	A mobile practice with hospital design modifications that allow in-house treatment of some large animal species.
The agency that offers voluntary accreditation to companion animal hospitals is the:	American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)
The AAHA accreditation guideline requires:	The veterinary practice to have top-quality equipment and highly trained staff.
Biomedical research facilities may choose to follow the requirements of the:	American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC)
Veterinary Technicians are prohibited from:	Diagnosing disease, prescribing medicine, and performing surgery
The Veterinarian Technician always works under the:	Direct supervision of a verterinarian
How many AVMA-accredited programs are there in the United States?	More than 220
General courses in a Veterinary Technician program include:	Science, English, Math, Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry
The Veterinarian Technician must complete how many skills before graduation?	More than 300
Which skills must a Veterinary Technician demonstrate before graduation?	Training in anesthesia, surgical assisting, pharmacology, nursing, laboratory techniques, radiology, dentistry, and much more.
In larger pet practices, Veterinary Technicians:	Help to perform physical examinations, prepare animals and equipment for surgery, take radiographs, clean and polish teeth, collect blood samples, perform laboratory tests, anesthetize animals, and perform prescribed medical treatments.
The Veterinary Technician is usually responsible for:	Educating clients and supervising other staff members.
What is an important part of a Veterinary Technician's work?	Providing nutritional information and animal training advice to clients.
Veterinary Technicians that receive additional postgraduate training in a specialty area are called:	Veterinary Technician Specialists
Many academies that train Veterinary Technicians in a specialty are approved by:	NAVTA
An individual who has been trained to work in a veterinary clinic or hospital under the direct supervision of a veterinarian or veterinary technician is called a:	Veterinary Assistant
The duties of the veterinary assistant may include:	Restraining and exercising patients, cleaning hospital and boarding premises, setting up equipment and supplies, cleaning and maintaining practice and laboratory facilities, and feeding patients.
Kennel aides assist in:	The operation of boarding kennels or veterinary hospital kennels.
Which program offers training to kennel aides?	The American Boarding Kennel Association
The kennel aide is responsible for:	Keeping the kennel area clean and well stocked.
The kennel aide must be familiar with:	Animal handling and basic knowledge of animal behavior.
Many kennel aides help the veterinary staff to:	Observe hospitalized patients
In some practices, the Veterinary Technician or Veterinary Assistant may also perform the duties of the:	Veterinary Receptionist
The duties of the veterinary receptionist include:	Answering the telephone, scheduling appointments, greeting clients, filing patient records, and collecting and reporting payments.
Who is responsible for all business aspects of the veterinary practice?	A Veterinary Practice Manager (VPM)
The veterinarian may also act as the practice manager in a:	Small veterinary practice
The veterinary practice manager is often a veterinary technician who has:	Completed additional specialized training in small business management.
Which entity offers a national examination for certification of veterinary practice managers?	The Veterinary Hospital Managers Association
What are the practice managers responsibilities?	Hiring, placing advertisements for position openings, interviewing applicants, overseeing inventory maintenance, ordering supplies, maintaining the practice's accounting records, paying bills, managing the employee's payroll, and handling many of the legal requirements for records and reports to governmental agencies.
Animals that don't require a hospital stay are:	Outpatients
Outpatient visits include:	Routine vaccinations, removal of sutures, and annual physical examinations.
Animals whose condition requires a hospital stay for either the day or overnight is called an:	Inpatient
Typical inpatient visits include procedures such as:	Dentistry and surgery
Clients usually don't have access to:	Inpatient areas
During their visit, clients can see and enter through:	Outpatient areas
A small animal veterinary practice is a:	Service business
Where are clients first greeted when they enter a practice?	A reception area
The reception area is also called the:	Practice's Coordination Center
In the practice's coordination center, multiple activities take place such as:	Greeting clients, coordinating patient visits with surgical schedules, and taking payments.
What might you find in a practice's coordination center?	Displays of pet products the practice offers and a client education display with informational brochures and video programs.
The reception area should be:	Well lit, comfortable, and cheerful, and often includes such amenities as indoor plants, bright paintings, and aquariums.
Who typically maintains the reception area?	The veterinary assistant or receptionist.
Once the receptionist greets the clients and retrieves their records, a veterinary staff member escorts client and patient into the:	Examination Room
In the examination room, the veterinary technician and veterinary assistant:	Take and record the animal's temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate.
In the examination room, depending on the reason for the animal's visit, the veterinary assistant may:	Restrain the animal while the veterinary technician collects blood samples, completes a physical examination or other tests.
The surgical suite holds the:	Surgical table, surgical and anesthetic supplies, and equipment.
The typical surgical suite is comprised of:	Three rooms
Clients never enter these rooms, which are only for inpatients. They are called:	Surgical suites
The first room of a surgical suite is reserved for:	Preparing animals prior to surgery
When preparing animals for surgery in the surgical suite, the patients:	Hair is clipped and its skin scrubbed.
When preparing animals for surgery in the surgical suite, what items are typically prepared there?	Surgical instruments and equipment
The second room of a surgical suite holds the:	Operating table and is only used for surgical procedures.
In the second room of the surgical suite, why are cabinets and countertops limited to a minium?	To give dust and debris fewer places to collect
The majority of the equipment and supplies in the operating room must be kept:	Sterile
The third room in a surgical suite is used for:	Monitoring the animal during its recovery from the anesthesia and surgery
Much of the veterinary assistant's work takes place in:	The surgical suite
The veterinary assistant, an integral member of the surgical team, typically:	Prepares the patient for surgery, cleans and sterilizes the surgical instruments, and also assists the technician in observing the patient during the recovery period.
The treatment area is usually located:	At the center of the practice
Where do hospital inpatients receive medication or diagnostic procedures?	In the treatment room
Outpatients may also be brought to the treatment area for technical procedures such as:	Bandage changes.
Where do clients sometimes accompany their pets?	In the treatment area
Who usually supervises the treatment area?	A veterinary technican
In the treatment area, the veterinary assistant:	Restrains animals for the technician and helps to prepare the supplies and equipment necessary for treatment.
Some veterinary practices that offer grooming services have a:	Separate room reserved for grooming
What can be found in a grooming room?	One or more large bathing tubs (usually elevated), several cages to hold various sizes of animals, and a storage area for bathing and grooming equipment.
All veterinary practices have at least a small:	Grooming area
When hospitalized animals need bathing following extensive illness or as part of their treatment, bathing tubs can be located:	In a corner of either the treatment room or the hospital ward
Who usually heads the operation of the grooming area?	The veterinary assistant
In the grooming area, the veterinary assistant often:	Bathes the patients and maintains the supplies and equipment in this area
The confinement area for pre- and post-surgical inpatients and for those awaiting, undergoing, or recovering from medical treatments are located where?	The Hospital Ward
The hospital ward may be a:	Single room with many different size cages or a suite with separate rooms for each species.
Who is responsible for keeping the hospital ward clean and helping the veterinary technician to observe hospitalized patients?	The veterinary assistant
A clean hospitalized environment reduces the possibility that:	Hospitalized patients will spread their diseases
The isolation area consists of:	A few small, medium, and large animal cages that isolate inpatients that may be infected with easily transmitted diseases.
The isolation area is stocked with:	Basic medical equipment and supplies that remain within the area as well as a disinfectant foot bath.
A disinfectant foot bath is located where in the practice and what is its purpose?	It is located at the entrance/exit of the isolation area. It helps prevent contamination to other areas of the practice.
What is especially important in the isolation area?	Good housekeeping
Which room is often located next to the surgical suite?	The X-Ray Room
The machine used to generate X-rays creates an image on the X-ray film. This film is called the:	Radiograph
What is stored in an X-ray room?	The X-ray machine, equipment such as lead aprons, gloves, collars, and lead eyeglasses.
What is the role of a veterinary assistant in an X-ray room?	The veterinary assistant often helps to restrain and position the patient during the radiographic exposure.
Equipment in an X-ray room must be:	Examined regularly to ensure that it's in the best condition.
Anyone who enters an X-ray room must understand the:	Hazards associated with the use of an X-ray machine.
What room is used for developing X-ray films?	The Darkroom
A darkroom is generally a:	Small room arranged for easy access to equipment from its center
Some darkrooms have:	Automatic processing equipment which is where the film is inserted into the automatic processor, which develops and dries it in a few minutes.
Veterinary practices that don't have automatic processors must:	Develop their X-rays manually
Manual X-ray processing requires:	Slightly more time and a greater knowledge of the developing process
In manual X-ray processing:	The X-ray film goes through a series of tanks holding X-ray processing chemicals
X-ray processing chemicals can be:	Hazardous and it requires greater care than its counterpart
When developing X-rays, the Veterinary Assistant:	Must understand the hazards
What area is used for clinical diagnostic procedures?	The Laboratory Area
The laboratory area may be a :	Separate room or part of the treatment area
The basic laboratory includes a:	Microscope, specialized equipment for analyzing blood samples, and several types of analyzers to help the veterinarian identify any disease in a patient.
In the laboratory area, a Veterinary Technician usually collects:	Blood, urine, and serum samples, often with the help of a Veterinary Assistant
In the laboratory area, after a Veterinary Technician collects samples from the patient:	The technician processes and tests the samples and then notes the results on the patient's record
Where are medications and their related supplies stored?	In the pharmacy area
In the pharmacy area, Veterinary Assistants are responsible for:	Maintaining the inventory in this area and for assuring that medications are used in the order they're received.
Some pharmacies have small refrigerators for storage of:	Certain medications, such as vaccines
In the pharmacy area, a Veterinary Assistant must have a:	General knowledge of the names and types of medications used in the practice
In the pharmacy area, a Veterinary Assistant is responsible for:	Counting out pills or measuring medications that are going to be dispensed for clients to administer to their pets at home
Dispensed medications must be:	Prepared and labeled correctly
In the practice, each Veterinarian will have a:	Office suitable both for work and client consultations
The office manager frequently has a:	Private office
What type of practice usually has several small storage areas?	Small animal practice
Each area within the practice includes a small storage cabinet for items used in that area except in:	Examination and operating rooms

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Intro to Animal Care Part 1

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