28069763
Description
Flashcards by Valentín Ángel Limón, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Valentín Ángel Limón
over 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| In the upper part of the kidneys we have the adrenal glands! | |
| The produced hormones are called corticoids because they are produced in the ... . | (cortex) |
| There are two parts: ... and ... . The cells of the interior part look as modified ... . | (adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla; sympathetic ganglia cells) |
| They are ...-derived hormones, and the only limiting factor is the transport of it in the plasma. This molecule enters in the cell transported by the ... . | (cholesterol; LDL) |
| Some examples of corticoids | |
| The precursor of all the adrenal hormones and sex steroids synthesized in the gonads is ... . | (pregnenolone) |
| There is a type of modulation of transcription that is carried by the binding of a receptor with an hormone. It makes the receptor ... to bind ... , normally in form of dimers and producing a stimulation so they act as ... . | (competent; DNA; transcription factors) |
| Different corticoids, different functions. What about mineralocorticoids (specifically aldosterone)? Which are its functions? It ... resorption of sodium and water, and renal ... of potassium. | (increases; excretion) |
| Here we have also the glucocorticoids! With a wide range of functions because their receptors are in all cells. Do you know their functions? | - Stimulation of gluconeogenesis - Decrease glycolysis and glucose uptake - Stimulate or maintain levels of lipid enzymes - Involved in the inflammatory response and immune system - Decrease the bone matrix proteins - Effects on foetal development |
| In the adrenal medulla ... and ... are formed, released into the ... and are discussed together involving ... system. They have similar or opposite physiological responses in the same tissue and depending on the ... . | (adrenaline; noradrenaline; bloodstream; sympathetic-adrenal; concentration) |
| The stimulation of different receptors by adrenaline lead to different conditions: beta (...; more in ...) and alfa (...; more in ...). | (vasodilation; cardiac and skeletal tissues; vasoconstriction; rest of tissues) |
| In the adrenal medulla, ... are produced due to the action of ... from the preganglionic sympathetic fibres. | (catecholamines; acetylcholine) |
| Catecholamine receptors can affect different physiological conditions such as: | - Neuronal impulses - Vasodilation and vasoconstriction - Cardiac function |
| The physiological effects of the catecholamines are important but can be summarized in two: response to ... and effects on ... . | (stress; metabolism) |
| Do you remember examples of responses to stress? | - Increase heart rate - Generalized vasoconstriction - Dilatation of the respiratory tract - Increase metabolic rate, oxygen consumption and heat production - Dilatation of the pupil - Inhibition of some "non-essential" processes - Thermogenesis |
| Do you remember what happened with the metabolism in that situation? | - Increase... glyconeogenesis and gluconeogenesis, and secretion of glucagon - Inhibition of... glycogen synthesis, secretion of insulin and aa release from skeletal muscle - Stimulation of... lipolysis |
| The adrenergic system can be modulated by: stimulation ... , ... and progesterone, ... and ... hormones. | (frequency; estrogen; glucocorticoids; thyroids) |
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