emmabrudenell
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emmabrudenell
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Developmental biology

Question 1 of 43

1

Homozygous mutations of PAX6 in humans cause Aniridia

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 43

1

what is at the vegetal pole of xenopus oocytes

Select one or more of the following:

  • Veg-1

  • yolk

  • Most mRNA's

  • ribosomes

  • tRNA's

Explanation

Question 3 of 43

1

What is the cortical reaction?

Select one of the following:

  • a block to polyspermy in the sea urchin

  • The sperm penetrating through the egg membrane

  • Activation of the egg once sperm has enters

Explanation

Question 4 of 43

1

What is the correct order of the life cycle of embryo development to adult

Select one of the following:

  • zygote->cleavage->gastrulation-> neurulation ->organogenesis->metamorphosis->adult

  • zygote->cleavage->gastrulation-> organogenesis->neurulation->metamorphosis->adult

  • zygote->cleavage->gastrulation-> neurulation ->metamorphosis->organogenesis->adult

  • zygote->cleavage-> neurulation->gastrulation ->organogenesis->metamorphosis->adult

Explanation

Question 5 of 43

1

Which of the following apply the the PAX6 gene in drosophila

Select one or more of the following:

  • Paired gene

  • chromosome 11

  • Gap gene

  • chromosome 2

Explanation

Question 6 of 43

1

Genes can change activity during development

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 43

1

which of the following are cleavage patterns

Select one or more of the following:

  • Holoblastic

  • Meroblastic

  • Superlateral

  • All of these

Explanation

Question 8 of 43

1

Sperm entry to the egg triggers Mg2+ release which acts on cell cycle proteins and initiates cleavage

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 43

1

What does mesoderm give rise to?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Cartilage

  • Muscle

  • Bone

  • Dermis

  • Kidney

  • Blood

  • Gut tissue

  • epidermis

  • Nervous system

Explanation

Question 10 of 43

1

What does ectoderm turn into

Select one or more of the following:

  • Epidermis

  • Nervous system

  • Gut tissue

  • Bone

  • Cartilage

  • Muscle

Explanation

Question 11 of 43

1

C.elegans has no hedgehog signalling

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 43

1

Which of these apply to the mutagenesis technique?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Random gene is altered

  • specific gene is altered

  • Males treated with mutagen and crossed with wild-type females

  • Females treated with mutagen and crossed with wild-type males

  • recombinant DNA technology

Explanation

Question 13 of 43

1

Which of these apply to the transgenesis technique?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Random gene is altered

  • specific gene is altered

  • gain of function of gene

  • loss of function of gene

  • recombinant DNA technology

Explanation

Question 14 of 43

1

Which of these apply to the mutagenesis technique?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Random gene is altered

  • specific gene is altered

  • Males treated with mutagen and crossed with wild-type females

  • Females treated with mutagen and crossed with wild-type males

Explanation

Question 15 of 43

1

Which organisms is mutagenesis a suitable gene

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fly and zebrafish

  • worm, Fly and zebrafish

  • zebrafish

  • mouse, worm, Fly and zebrafish

Explanation

Question 16 of 43

1

commitment is not shown by a fate map

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 43

1

Regulative development is shown by models from the following scientists

Select one of the following:

  • Driesh- sea urchin

  • Roux- frog

  • Both of these

Explanation

Question 18 of 43

1

Which of the following applies to regulative development?

Select one or more of the following:

  • damage to cells early on in development does not result in a defective organism

  • damage to cells early on in development results in a defective organism

  • Cells determined early on

  • non-autonomous development

Explanation

Question 19 of 43

1

most type of development is mosaic

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 43

1

which of the following apply to the bicoid mRNA

Select one or more of the following:

  • highest concentration at posterior end

  • Maternal affect gene

  • transcription factor

  • mutant larva lack thoracic segments

Explanation

Question 21 of 43

1

The french flag model is a model for mosaic development

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 43

1

Which experiment(s) is used to demonstrate competence?

Select one of the following:

  • xenopus cap assay

  • Amphibian organiser

  • Both of these

Explanation

Question 23 of 43

1

How many somites die in the C.elegans embryo

Select one of the following:

  • none

  • 5

  • 72

  • 131

  • 896

Explanation

Question 24 of 43

1

Which of the following are properties of an ideal marker?

Select one or more of the following:

  • non toxic

  • leaks so all cells have the marker

  • Inherited by all progeny of the labelled cells

  • visible at later stages

Explanation

Question 25 of 43

1

Which of the following are properties of an ideal marker?

Select one or more of the following:

  • non toxic

  • leaks so all cells have the marker

  • Inherited by all progeny of the labelled cells

  • visible at later stages

Explanation

Question 26 of 43

1

Which of the following are examples of markers

Select one or more of the following:

  • cytological markers

  • vital dyes

  • high molecular weight tracers

  • all of these

Explanation

Question 27 of 43

1

MyoD is sufficient and required for muscle development

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 43

1

Which term is this definition for? - over expression of transcription unit, it is a gain of function mutation

Select one of the following:

  • amorph

  • hypomorph

  • hypermorph

  • Antimorph

Explanation

Question 29 of 43

1

In the Brachyury gene in the mouse, a homozygous mutation results in?

Select one of the following:

  • short tail

  • embryonic lethal

Explanation

Question 30 of 43

1

which organism(s) are unsuitable for mutagenesis and a mutagenesis screen

Select one of the following:

  • frog and chick

  • chick

  • frog, chick and bacteria

  • frog, chick and mouse

Explanation

Question 31 of 43

1

Different mutations in the same gene is called and allelic series

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 43

1

In complementation testing, if two genes complement each other they ...

Select one of the following:

  • are alleles of the same gene, so lie in the same chromosome

  • do not lie in the same chromosome

Explanation

Question 33 of 43

1

what are epistasis experiments used for?

Select one of the following:

  • working out the order of gene action in a pathway

  • working out which genes are in a pathway

  • working out if mutations are on the same or different genes

  • working out the genotype of a mutant

Explanation

Question 34 of 43

1

The drosophila gene 'white' is required for the development of white eyes

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 43

1

which of the following are defects from kit and steel mutations?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Anaemia

  • coat pigmentation

  • embryonic lethal

  • short tail

Explanation

Question 36 of 43

1

There are two classes of segment polarity genes; hedgehog-like and patched-like. Which genes belong to the hedge-hog like?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Hh

  • Smo

  • Wg

  • all of these

Explanation

Question 37 of 43

1

The body plan along the embryo is controlled by Hox genes along the DV axis

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 43

1

which of the following maternal effect gene(s) are in the ventralised class?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Dorsal

  • Spatzle

  • Toll

  • cactus

Explanation

Question 39 of 43

1

what does local application of FGF4 after removal of AER results in..

Select one of the following:

  • no effect

  • limb development- radius and ulna fully developed but only partial digit development

  • limb development- but only partial development

  • limb development- Digits fully developed but radius and ulna only partially developed

Explanation

Question 40 of 43

1

Length of time spent in AER determines cell fate according to position over proximal distal axis.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 43

1

In proneural clusters, one cells becomes a neuroblast (primary fate), whilst the other cells become the secondary fate which is..

Select one of the following:

  • epidemermis

  • neurons

  • fibroblasts

  • mesenchyme

Explanation

Question 42 of 43

1

The proneural cluster gives rise to a neuroblast through lateral inhibition of which receptor and ligand pair?

Select one of the following:

  • Kit and steel

  • Delta and Notch

  • FGF and FGFR

  • Delta and steel

Explanation

Question 43 of 43

1

Most forms of Anchondroplasia come from mutations in which FGF gene?

Select one of the following:

  • FGF2

  • FGF3

  • FGF4

  • FGF5

Explanation

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