BIOSCI101 Evolution - Lecture 5

Question 1 of 18

1

NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection is the process in which ❌ with certain ❌ traits survive and reproduce at a ❌ rate than those without said traits.

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individuals

populations

heritable

non-heritable

higher

lower

Explanation

Question 2 of 18

1

Which of these statements is FALSE with regards to natural selection?

Select one of the following:

Selection acts on the genotype, not the phenotype (trait); it can act only indirectly on the phenotype.
The heritability of phenotypic characters, sets the limits of natural selection.
Phenotypic characters or traits can be controlled by single genes or by polygenic inheritance.
It is populations and not individuals that evolve.
In terms of genetics, selection results in changes in gene frequencies from one generation to the next.

Explanation

Question 3 of 18

1

If an individual is physically strong and lives a long life but has no offspring, it is still sit in a Darwinian sense.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 4 of 18

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

FITNESS

Darwinian fitness refers to the ability to ( survive, die ) and reproduce, it considers both ( viability, gene pool ) and ( fecundity, population size ). Fitness depends on the ( environment, government, era ), the fittest individual during an ice age is probably not the fittest individual once the ice age is over. ( Absolute fitness (W), Relative fitness (w) ) is a measure of the total number of offspring an individual produces. ( Relative fitness (w), Absolute fitness (W) ) is the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of other individuals. Although it is often referred to as the relative fitness of a genotype, it is the ( whole organism, genotype ) that is subject to selection not the ( genotype, whole organism ).

Explanation

Question 5 of 18

1

CALCULATING RELATIVE FITNESS

Relative fitness is the absolute fitness of an individual relative to the absolute fitness of the fittest individual in the population (w), w can range from 0 to 1.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 18

1

MAJOR TYPES OF NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection can change the frequency distribution of a heritable trait in three ways:

1. ❌ occurs when one of the extremes is favoured, driving the population in a particular direction. Directional selection is common when an environment changes or when individuals move to a new environment.
2. ❌ occurs when the extreme phenotypes are selected at the expense of intermediate forms.
3. ❌ acts against both extreme phenotypes and favours intermediates.

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Directional selection

Disruptive selection

Stabilising selection

Natural selection

Explanation

Question 7 of 18

1

Match the type of natural selection with the corresponding graph.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Directional selection

Disruptive selection

Stabilizing selection

Explanation

Question 8 of 18

1

A selective sweep occurs when a favourable allele reaches fixation.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 18

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

SEXUAL SELECTION

Darwin described a second form of selection - selection. This form of selection is the result of competition between individuals for . Sexual selection is argued to result in sexual diism in some species.

Explanation

Question 10 of 18

1

Sexual selection can operate in two ways:

1. ❌ selection: individuals of the same sex competing directly, and is thought to occur between males in many species.

2. ❌ selection: or mate choice, occurs between different sexes, and is typically argued to occur when females select males.

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Intrasexual

Intersexual

Explanation

Question 11 of 18

1

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HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE

Heterozygote advantage occurs when individuals that are ( heterozygous, homozygous ) have a greater fitness than do either kind of ( homozygote, heterozygote ).

Explanation

Question 12 of 18

1

One example of heterozygote advantage is sickle-cell anaemia, in which heterozygotes are protected against the severe effects of malaria.

Although sickle-cell disease is lethal if not treated in some areas the sickle-cell allele has a frequency of 15-20%.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 18

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SELECTION

In frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype depends on how ( common, beneficial, lucky, choice as bruh ) it is in a population.

Explanation

Question 14 of 18

1

WHY NATURAL SELECTION CANNOT FASHION PERFECT ORGANISMS

Natural selection can lead to adaptation but there are many non-adaptive traits.
1. Selection can only act on ❌. New advantageous alleles ❌.
2. Evolution is limited by ❌. Evolution co-opts existing structures and adapts them to ❌ e.g. birds and bats have not grown new limbs to serve as wings but have
modified the forelimb.
3. Adaptations are often ❌. Each organism must do many things, that is, there can be many competing selective forces operating at the same time ❌.
4. Not all evolutionary change is ❌. There are forces acting in evolution that do not result in adaptation ❌.
5. Chance, natural selection and the environment interact. Chance events can affect the evolution of a
population. For example, not all the alleles in a ❌ are better suited to the new environment than the alleles ‘left behind’. Environments may ❌ limiting the extent to which natural selection can result in adaptation.

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existing variation

do not arise on demand

historical constraints

new situations

compromises

e.g. sexual verses natural selection

adaptive

e.g. genetic drift

founder population

change rapidly and unpredictably

Explanation

Question 15 of 18

1

ADAPTATION AND EXAPTATION

❌ are characteristics or traits that have evolved by natural selection for their current function.

❌ are the complement of adaptations, as they are traits that have been co-opted or enlisted for a new use.

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Adaptations

Exaptations

Explanation

Question 16 of 18

1

New characteristics or traits cannot arise when structures that originally had one function are used for a different function.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 17 of 18

1

Exaptations demonstrate that a characteristic or traits current function does not always explain its origin.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 18

1

Some biologists believe that exaptation may play a much more important role in evolution than has generally been thought.

Select one of the following:

True
False

	Created by Eilidh Young about 7 years ago

Stage I The University of Auckland BIOSCI 101 Quiz on BIOSCI101 Evolution - Lecture 5, created by Eilidh Young on 09/06/2017.

BIOSCI101 Evolution - Lecture 5

Question 1 of 18

NATURAL SELECTION Natural selection is the process in which ❌ with certain ❌ traits survive and reproduce at a ❌ rate than those without said traits.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 2 of 18

Which of these statements is FALSE with regards to natural selection?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 18

If an individual is physically strong and lives a long life but has no offspring, it is still sit in a Darwinian sense.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 18

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 5 of 18

CALCULATING RELATIVE FITNESS Relative fitness is the absolute fitness of an individual relative to the absolute fitness of the fittest individual in the population (w), w can range from 0 to 1.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 18

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 7 of 18

Match the type of natural selection with the corresponding graph.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 8 of 18

A selective sweep occurs when a favourable allele reaches fixation.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 18

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

SEXUAL SELECTION Darwin described a second form of selection - selection. This form of selection is the result of competition between individuals for . Sexual selection is argued to result in sexual diism in some species.

Explanation

Question 10 of 18

Sexual selection can operate in two ways: 1. ❌ selection: individuals of the same sex competing directly, and is thought to occur between males in many species. 2. ❌ selection: or mate choice, occurs between different sexes, and is typically argued to occur when females select males.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 11 of 18

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE Heterozygote advantage occurs when individuals that are heterozygous homozygous( heterozygous, homozygous ) have a greater fitness than do either kind of homozygote heterozygote( homozygote, heterozygote ).

Explanation

Question 12 of 18

One example of heterozygote advantage is sickle-cell anaemia, in which heterozygotes are protected against the severe effects of malaria. Although sickle-cell disease is lethal if not treated in some areas the sickle-cell allele has a frequency of 15-20%.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 18

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SELECTION In frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common beneficial lucky choice as bruh( common, beneficial, lucky, choice as bruh ) it is in a population.

Explanation

Question 14 of 18

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 15 of 18

ADAPTATION AND EXAPTATION ❌ are characteristics or traits that have evolved by natural selection for their current function. ❌ are the complement of adaptations, as they are traits that have been co-opted or enlisted for a new use.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 16 of 18

New characteristics or traits cannot arise when structures that originally had one function are used for a different function.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 18

Exaptations demonstrate that a characteristic or traits current function does not always explain its origin.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 18

Some biologists believe that exaptation may play a much more important role in evolution than has generally been thought.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection is the process in which ❌ with certain ❌ traits survive and reproduce at a ❌ rate than those without said traits.

CALCULATING RELATIVE FITNESS

Relative fitness is the absolute fitness of an individual relative to the absolute fitness of the fittest individual in the population (w), w can range from 0 to 1.

SEXUAL SELECTION

Darwin described a second form of selection - selection. This form of selection is the result of competition between individuals for . Sexual selection is argued to result in sexual diism in some species.

Sexual selection can operate in two ways:

1. ❌ selection: individuals of the same sex competing directly, and is thought to occur between males in many species.

2. ❌ selection: or mate choice, occurs between different sexes, and is typically argued to occur when females select males.

HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE

Heterozygote advantage occurs when individuals that are ( heterozygous, homozygous ) have a greater fitness than do either kind of ( homozygote, heterozygote ).

One example of heterozygote advantage is sickle-cell anaemia, in which heterozygotes are protected against the severe effects of malaria.

Although sickle-cell disease is lethal if not treated in some areas the sickle-cell allele has a frequency of 15-20%.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SELECTION

In frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype depends on how ( common, beneficial, lucky, choice as bruh ) it is in a population.

ADAPTATION AND EXAPTATION

❌ are characteristics or traits that have evolved by natural selection for their current function.

❌ are the complement of adaptations, as they are traits that have been co-opted or enlisted for a new use.