What is the mnemonic device/sentence to remember the bugs that do not Gram stain well?

Which bugs do not Gram stain well because they are too thin to be visualized?

Why do the following not Gram stain well?

Treponema; Leptospira

Which bugs do not Gram stain well because the cell wall has high lipid content?

Why does the following not Gram stain well?

Mycobacteria

Which bugs do not Gram stain well because there is no cell wall?

Why do the following not Gram stain well?

Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma

Which bugs do not Gram stain well because they are primarily intracellular?

Why do the following not Gram stain well?

Legionella; Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia

What is the mnemonic device / phrase for remembering Giemsa Stain?

What are Giemsa stains used for?

What are Periodic acid-Schiff stains used for?

Which stain is used for the following?

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)

Which stain is used for the following?

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium

What is the mnemonic phrase used to remember Periodic acid-Schiff stain?

What are Ziehl-Neelsen stains (carbol fuchsin) used for?

Which stain is used for the following?

Acid-fast bacteria (eg Mycobacteria, Nocardia; stains mycolic acid in cell wall); protozoa (eg Cryptoporidium oocysts)

What are India ink stains used for?

Which stain is used for the following?

Cryptococcus neoformans; mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red

What are Silver stains used for?

Which stain is used for the following?

Fungi (eg Coccidioides, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Legionella, Helicobacter pylori

What are Fluorescent stains used for?

Which stain is used for the following?

Used to identify many bacteria and viruses
Example is FTA-ABS for syphilis

What is the first-line lab test in bacterial identification?

With a gram stain, bacteria with thick peptidoglycan layer retain what dye?

With a gram stain, bacteria with thin peptidoglycan layer turn what color?

What is Selective Media?

The following is an example of what?

Thayer-Martin agar contains antibiotics that allow the selective growth of Neisseria by inhibiting the growth of other sensitive organisms.

What is Indicator (differential) media?

The following is an example of what?

MacConkey agar contains a pH indicator; a lactose fermenter like E coli will convert to acidic metabolites leading to color change

What gram stain is used for the following?

Chlamydia

What gram stain is used for the following?

Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)