The anode's function is to accelerate electrons and then stop them
What produces the electrons and what stops them?
Cathode, anode
Anode, cathode
What are 2 types of x-rays?
Characteristic
Bremsstrahlung
Photoelectric effect
Classical scatter
Which of the following happens during characteristic x-ray production
Electron hits the anode
Electron hits the cathode
Atom ejects a k shell electron
Atom ejects a L shell electron
L shell electron gives up energy moves into the K shell
L shell electron becomes an x-ray photon
Which of the following happens during Bremsstrahlung x-ray production
Incident electron is repelled by the orbiting electrons
Incident electron is pulled towards the orbiting electrons
Incident electron is repelled by the nucleus
Incident electron is pulled towards the nucleus
Electron turns and gains energy
Electron turns and loses energy
The energy that is lost turns into an x-ray photon
The energy that is gained turns into an x-ray photon
x-ray production efficiency: @100 kVp, less than 1 0.5 2 4( 1, 0.5, 2, 4 )% of energy turns into x-rays @60 kVp, less than 0.5 1 0.25 2( 0.5, 1, 0.25, 2 )% of energy turns into x-rays
mAs affects the quantity quality( quantity, quality ) and kVp affects the quality quantity( quality, quantity ) of x-rays in the spectrum
Increase filtration, increase decrease( increase, decrease ) energy, decrease increase( decrease, increase ) quantity
Filtration affects quality and quantity of x-rays in the spectrum
Gray (Gy): (rad rem( rad, rem )) absorbed dose equivalent dose( absorbed dose, equivalent dose ) Sievert (Sv): (rem rad( rem, rad )) equivalent dose absorbed dose( equivalent dose, absorbed dose )
Double the mA you double half( double, half ) the dose of radiation
If kVp increases 15% then mAs decreases increases( decreases, increases ) by 50% If kVp is decreased by 15% then mAs doubles is halved( doubles, is halved )
Doubling the SID increases decreases( increases, decreases ) the intensity by 1/4
Adding filtration improves quality quantity( quality, quantity ) and decreases quantity quality( quantity, quality )
Adding more filtration increases contrast
Classical scatter: unmodified modified( unmodified, modified ) or coherent incoherent( coherent, incoherent ) Compton scatter: modified unmodified( modified, unmodified ) or incoherent coherent( incoherent, coherent )
What type of scatter happens at low energy?
Thomson scatter
Compton scatter
Photoelectric effect is characteristic radiation
What type of scatter occurs when an electron receives too much energy and is kicked out from its orbiting shell
Compton occurs in the inner shells
During Compton scatter, the greater the angle the incident photon is scattered, the lower higher( lower, higher ) its energy
Phototrasmutation or photodisintegration, a photon will interact with an atom and outputs neutron, proton or alpha particle which will change the properties of the atom
Pair production demonstrates the law of conservation of energy
Effects of ionizing radiation ❌: free radials; turns diamonds green in reactors ❌: causes certain materials to give off light ❌: exposes film ❌: burn skin, cause genetic changes ❌: converts to light in certain chemicals when heated
What part of the image intensifier should not reflect, refract or bend light?
Input window
Electron lenses
Photocathode
Output window
Csl does what?
Turns x-rays to light
Turns light into electrons
Turns electrons into light
ZnCdS does what?
Turns electrons to light
Label the image intensifier flow chart
The photocathode is positively charged
During each phase from photon entry to light output, the signal grows larger smaller( larger, smaller )
What is the technique for mA when used for fluoroscopy?
5
2
10
15
What is the technique for kVp when used for fluoroscopy?
50-100
60-120
70-140
80-130
The smaller the input the bigger smaller( bigger, smaller ) the image in the end
Which magnification field will show the biggest image?
12 cm
17 cm
25 cm
Having the focal point further back will do what to the image?
Enlarges it
Shrinks it
What happens during magnification?
Smaller field
Larger field
Less photons
More photons
Increases radiation exposure
Decreases radiation exposure
Brightness gain Gain( Brightness gain, Gain ): system's ability to illuminate the image Gain Brightness gain( Gain, Brightness gain ): the ability of an amplifier to increase the power of input signals
Images are displayed in interlaced mode