Muscles - sliding filament theory

Question 1 of 23

1

What is muscle made up of?

Select one or more of the following:

neurones
bundles of muscle fibres
endothelium

Explanation

Question 2 of 23

1

Each muscle fibre is a single muscle cell

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 3 of 23

1

What does multinucleate mean and why are cells multinucleate?

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each cell has several nuclei - because a single nucleus couldn't effectively control the metabolism of such a long cell
each cell has many mitochondria - because muscle fibres carry out large amounts of aerobic respiration

Explanation

Question 4 of 23

1

During ❌ development, several cells ❌ together forming an ❌ muscle fibre. Muscle cells are also ❌ which is related to their ability to ❌.

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prenatal

fuse

elongated

striped

contract

Explanation

Question 5 of 23

1

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 6 of 23

1

muscle fibres are bound together by connective tissue, which is continuous with the tendons

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 7 of 23

1

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Each muscle ( fibre, bundle ) may be up to 2cm long, but less than 0.1mm in diameter. Inside the muscle fibre is the cytoplasm containing ( mitochondria, vacuole ) and the other organelles found in a cell. Within each muscle fibre there are also numerous ( myofibrils, myosins ); each is composed of ( repeated contractile units, blocks ) called sarcomeres.

Explanation

Question 8 of 23

1

Sarcomeres are made up of myofibrils

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 23

1

What is the name of the protein that makes up the thinner filament in a sarcomere?

Select one or more of the following:

actin
myosin
myofibril

Explanation

Question 10 of 23

1

What is the name of the protein that makes up the thicker filament in a sarcomere?

Select one of the following:

myosin
actin
myofibril

Explanation

Question 11 of 23

1

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( Contractions, Extensions ) are brought about by co-ordinated sliding of these protein filaments within the muscle cell ( sarcomeres, tendons ). The proteins overlap and give the muscle fibre its characteristic ( striped, spotted ) (striated) appearance under the microscope. When the muscle contracts, the ( actin, myosin ) moves between the ( myosin, actin ) - this ( shortens, lengthens ) the length of the sarcomere and hence the length of the ( muscle, ligament ).

Explanation

Question 12 of 23

1

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Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 13 of 23

1

How are myosin molecules shaped?

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like golf clubs
like sweet chilli flavour sunbites

Explanation

Question 14 of 23

1

What are troponin and tropomyosin?

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protein molecules
fatty acid chains
polysaccharides

Explanation

Question 15 of 23

1

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Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 16 of 23

1

What is sarcoplasm?

Select one or more of the following:

the name given to cyotplasm in a muscle cell
specialised type of endoplasmic reticulum, a system of membrane-bound sacs around the myofibrils
cell surface membrane

Explanation

Question 17 of 23

1

What is sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Select one of the following:

specialised type of endoplasmic reticulum, a system of membrane-bound sacs around the myofibrils
cell surface membrane
the name given to cytoplasm in a muscle cell

Explanation

Question 18 of 23

1

What is the sarcolemma

Select one of the following:

cell surface membrane
specialised type of endoplasmic reticulum, a system of membrane-bound sacs around the myofibrils
the name given to cytoplasm in a muscle cell

Explanation

Question 19 of 23

1

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Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 20 of 23

1

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When a ( nerve impulse, hormone ) arrives at a neuromuscular junction, ( calcium, sodium ) ions are released from the ( sarcoplasmic, endoplasmic ) reticulum. The calcium ions ( diffuse, are actively transported ) through the sarcoplasm. This initiates the movement of protein filaments. Calcium ions attach to the ( troponin, tropomyosin ) molecule causing it to move. As a result, the ( tropomyosin, troponin ) on the actin filament shifts its position, exposing ( myosin-binding sites, myosin heads ) on the actin filaments. Myosin heads bind with myosin-binding sites on the actin filament, forming ( cross-bridges, ionic interactions ). When the myosin heads bind to the actin, ( ADP and P, ATP ) on the myosin head ( are, is ) released. The ( myosin, myosin head ) changes shape, causing the ( myosin head, myosin ) to nod forward. This movement results in the relative movement of filaments; the attached ( actin, myofibril ) moves over the myosin. An ( ATP, DNA ) molecule binds to the myosin head - this causes the myosin head to ( detach from, attach to ) the actin. An ( ATPase, ATP synthase ) on the myosin head hydrolyses the ATP, forming ADP and P. This ( hydrolysis, synthesis ) causes a change in the shape of the myosin head. It returns to its upright position. This enables the cycle to start again

Explanation

Question 21 of 23

1

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

{"21.7007_8.17052":[{"id":15488676,"answer":"ADP + Pi","x":21.7007,"y":8.17052},{"id":15488677,"answer":"ATP","x":21.7007,"y":8.17052}],"18.1696_39.254":[{"id":15488678,"answer":"calcium ion","x":18.1696,"y":39.254},{"id":15488679,"answer":"myosin- binding site","x":18.1696,"y":39.254}],"20.8532_49.2007":[{"id":15488680,"answer":"ADP + Pi","x":20.8532,"y":49.2007},{"id":15488681,"answer":"ATP","x":20.8532,"y":49.2007}],"49.3843_46.5364":[{"id":15488697,"answer":"cross-bridge forms","x":49.3843,"y":46.5364},{"id":15488698,"answer":"ADP + Pi released","x":49.3843,"y":46.5364},{"id":15488699,"answer":"myosin head nods forward - actin moves","x":49.3843,"y":46.5364},{"id":15488700,"answer":"ATPase causes hydrolysis","x":49.3843,"y":46.5364}],"17.7459_68.206":[{"id":15488686,"answer":"ADP + Pi released","x":17.7459,"y":68.206},{"id":15488687,"answer":"ATPase causes hydrolysis","x":17.7459,"y":68.206},{"id":15488688,"answer":"Myosin head moves forward - actin moves","x":17.7459,"y":68.206}],"87.6611_49.7336":[{"id":15488684,"answer":"ADP + Pi","x":87.6611,"y":49.7336},{"id":15488685,"answer":"ATP","x":87.6611,"y":49.7336}],"50.0905_87.7442":[{"id":15488689,"answer":"ADP + Pi released","x":50.0905,"y":87.7442},{"id":15488690,"answer":"cross-bridge forms","x":50.0905,"y":87.7442},{"id":15488691,"answer":"ATPase causes hydrolysis","x":50.0905,"y":87.7442},{"id":15488692,"answer":"Myosin head nods forward - actin moves","x":50.0905,"y":87.7442}],"77.4916_68.7389":[{"id":15488693,"answer":"ATPase causes hydrolysis","x":77.4916,"y":68.7389},{"id":15488694,"answer":"Myosin head nods forward - actin moves","x":77.4916,"y":68.7389},{"id":15488695,"answer":"ADP + Pi released","x":77.4916,"y":68.7389},{"id":15488696,"answer":"cross-bridge forms","x":77.4916,"y":68.7389}],"97.8306_51.5098":[{"id":15488703,"answer":"myosin head returns to upright position","x":97.8306,"y":51.5098},{"id":15488704,"answer":";oawingopn","x":97.8306,"y":51.5098}],"86.5312_90.5861":[{"id":15488682,"answer":"ATP","x":86.5312,"y":90.5861},{"id":15488683,"answer":"ADP + Pi","x":86.5312,"y":90.5861}],"97.8306_95.9147":[{"id":15488701,"answer":"myosin head detaches","x":97.8306,"y":95.9147},{"id":15488702,"answer":"lwngnwarg","x":97.8306,"y":95.9147}]}

Explanation

Question 22 of 23

1

When a muscle ❌, it's no longer being stimulated by nerve impulses. Calcium ions are ❌ out of the muscle ❌, using ❌. The troponin and tropomyosin move back, once again blocking the ❌ on the actin.

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relaxes

actively pumped

sarcoplasm

ATP

myosin-binding sites

Explanation

Question 23 of 23

1

What happens in the absence of ATP?

Select one or more of the following:

the cross-bridges remain attached
the cross-bridges still break

	Created by Ella Middlemiss about 7 years ago

23 questions

Muscles - sliding filament theory

Question 1 of 23

What is muscle made up of?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 23

Each muscle fibre is a single muscle cell

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 23

What does multinucleate mean and why are cells multinucleate?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 23

During ❌ development, several cells ❌ together forming an ❌ muscle fibre. Muscle cells are also ❌ which is related to their ability to ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 5 of 23

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 6 of 23

muscle fibres are bound together by connective tissue, which is continuous with the tendons

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 23

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 8 of 23

Sarcomeres are made up of myofibrils

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 23

What is the name of the protein that makes up the thinner filament in a sarcomere?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 23

What is the name of the protein that makes up the thicker filament in a sarcomere?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 23

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 12 of 23

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 13 of 23

How are myosin molecules shaped?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 23

What are troponin and tropomyosin?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 23

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 16 of 23

What is sarcoplasm?

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Explanation

Question 17 of 23

What is sarcoplasmic reticulum?

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Explanation

Question 18 of 23

What is the sarcolemma

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Explanation

Question 19 of 23

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 20 of 23

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Explanation

Question 21 of 23