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Fill in the missing words:
All substances are made of ______ (very small particles). Each _____ has a small nucleus made up of _________ and _________. The nucleus is surrounded by orbiting ___________.
Group 1 metals react vigorously with water to produce...
The Group 1 elements react rapidly with oxygen to form...
What are the elements is Group 0 known as?
When elements react, their atoms join with other atoms to form...
Ionic bonding...
Covalent bonding...
What is the mass number?
What is the atomic number?
What type of rock is Limestone?
What does Limestone mainly consist of?
Limestone can be eroded by...
What happen when calcium carbonate is heated in a kiln, and what is this reaction called?
When calcium carbonate is heated, what two compounds does it break down into?
How do you make cement?
How do you make mortar?
How do you make concrete?
Carbonates react with dilute acids to form...
Carbon dioxide turns limewater...
What is an metal ore?
How are metals that are less reactive than carbon extracted from their oxide?
How are metals that are more reactive than carbon extracted?
How can copper be extracted from copper-rich ores?
What is Phytomining?
What is Bioleaching?
How can iron be taken from iron oxide, an what percentage iron does the iron contain afterwards?
Carbon is added to iron to make the alloy...
Give some properties of transition metals...
How are titanium and aluminium extracted from their ores?
Give some properties and uses of Aluminium...
Give some properties and uses of Titanium...
Fill in the missing words:
Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of only _________ and __________ atoms. These compounds are called ________________.
The larger the hydrocarbon:
- The _____ _______ it flows
The ______ its boiling point
The _____ volatile it is.
The _____ ________ it ignites
Crude oil can be separated into different ____________ (parts) by _____________ ______________.
What are biofuels?
Alkanes:
Are the carbon atoms in the chain linked by single carbon-carbon bonds, or double carbon-carbon bonds?
Are they saturated or unsaturated?
What is the general formula?
Alkenes:
Are the carbon atoms in the chain linked by single carbon-carbon bonds, or double carbon-carbon bonds?
Are they saturated or unsaturated?
What is the general formula?
How are longer-chain hydrocarbons broken down into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons?
What does cracking involve?
How can alcohol (ethanol) be produced from ethene?
Which type of hydrocarbon is used for making polymers?
What is the general formula for polymerisation?
What is the chemical test for alkenes?
What is the name given to the small molecules that join together to form polymers?
How can the oil from plants be extracted?
Vegetable oils contain ________ carbon-carbon bonds, so they are ______________.
What is the name given to the process that raises the melting point of an oil by removing some of/all of its carbon-carbon bonds?
What happens during this process?
Oils don't dissolve in water, but an oil can be mixed with water to produce an...
What is an emulsifier?
What do emulsifier molecules have?
What are the three main layers of the Earth?
What did scientists once believe that features on the earth's surface, such as mountain ranges, caused by?
However, this theory was rejected, when evidence showed scientists, that the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa have...
(TWO things)
What is the Earth's lithosphere (the crust and the upper part of the mantle) 'cracked' into?
What creates convection currents in the mantle?
Describe what happens during a convection current (in the Earth)?
Describe how Miller and Urey tested one possible theory for how life began?
(Don't describe the outcomes for the moment.)
What did the mixture contain after many cycles?
What theory does this experiment support?
What gas did the atmosphere mostly consist of around 4.6 billion years ago?
4.6 billion years ago, what did intense volcanic activity release?
What were the 3 main gases in our atmosphere around 2.5 billion years ago?
(1st, 2nd and 3rd)
Around 2.5 billion years ago, green plants and algae evolved and...
(5 things)
Fill in the missing gaps:
There is now about __% oxygen and about __% nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Why is the level of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere today increasing?
(DESCRIBE the two reasons)
How can the different parts of air be collected?
