Name some parts of the body in which lymphocytes (white blood cells are found)

What is the difference between specific and non specific defence mechanisms?

Name some examples of physical barriers?

How are phagocytes attracted towards the pathogen in phagocytosis?

What happens after the pathogen is attached to the phagocyte?

What is the name of the vesicle in which the pathogen is engulfed in?

Which structures inside the phagocyte bind to the phagosome and release their contents?

What is in the contents of the lysosomes and what do they do?

What happens to the soluble products from the breakdown of the pathogen?

Phagocytosis causes ___________ at the site of infection

What are the two specific defence mechanisms?

Which lymphocytes are involved in humoral immunity?

What do T cells respond to?

What is a pathogen?

How can T cells distinguish between invader cells and normal cells?

What name is given to these types of cell?

What helper T cells do to the antigens on the surface of the phagocyte?

What does this activate?

What are the 4 things the cloned cells can do?

Which part of the T helper cells fit on to the antigen?

What do killer T cells produce and how does it kill infected cells?

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

What do B cells produce?

What happens when a specific antibody attaches to an antigen in the blood?

In practice, most pathogens have different proteins on their surface, what do these act as?

Give an example of a pathogen that releases a toxin

What do antibodies do?

What do the plasma cells do?

Why do people get flu more than once?

How many polypeptide chains are antibodies made of?

When the antibody fits onto the antigen, what name is given to this structure?

Name the regions of an antibody

How can monoclonal antibodies be used in cancer treatment?

Why does this cause little, if any damage to other cells?

Monoclonal antibodies can 'knock out' specific T cells - what is this useful for and why?

What were the 2 main struggles with trying to produce monoclonal antibodies?

Why are they called 'monoclonal' antibodies?

What is the name given to the process in which the antibodies are modified so that they work in a human? Why is this necessary?

What is active immunity?

What is passive immunity?

What are 4 features of a successful vaccination programme?

A vaccination might not eliminate a disease. Why?

Tuberculosis is another disease that is difficult to control by vaccination. There are 4 reasons why. What are these reasons?

IMMUNITY (1.7)