to date back to a certain time

to be in ruins

destruction

on a large scale

reconciliation

to propose sth

essential

services

to abolish sth

to sign a treaty

accession

to withdraw (from sth)

to hold an election

to eliminate

to come into force

to ratify a treaty

to set an ambitious goal

single currency

to manage sth

common policy

internal security

to replace sth

member state

to enlarge sth

to launch

to come into circulation

treaty of accession

to focus on sth

to deal with an issue

to ensure sth

justice

job creation

decade

to boost growth

concerns over sth

debt(s)

austere measures

to curb sth

riot

bailout package

to restore confidence in sth

sovereignty

to set sth up

to affect sb/ sth

to elect sb

to uphold sb's interests

to represent

judicial branch

to uphold sth

to manage sth

protectorate

administration

to cover an area

to supply sb with sth

raw material

cotton

to found sth

to acquire sth

to establish sth

Victorian

jewel

to reign

to proclaim sb empress/ emperor

to expand

to convert sb

inhabitant

decolonization

to gain independence

to grant a country independence

transition

to partition sth

massacre

to flee (a country)

self-government

to spread

legislature

civil service

association

sovereign state

to comprise sth

dependency

head

declaration

diversity

a wide range of sth

faith

to be committed to sth

good government

needs

competitor

aim

to promote sth

to sb's benefit

to settle (in a place)

housing

racial prejudice

to riot

to pass legislation

to restrict sth

to tackle sth

to lower tension

race relations

to set sth up

racial discrimination

to merge sth into sth

increase

renewal

to experience sth

integrated

on average

to be better off (than sb)

to welcome sb

home grown

to target sb

failed

home-grown

attempt

to have the opposite effect

to keep sb apart

to integrate into

core values

successor

re-election

slogan

intervention

to vote against sth

to sign sth

to join an organization

bombing

a return to sth

to prevent sth from happening

to retreat

threat

to be committed to doing sth

to defend sb/ sth

invovlement in sth

to culminate in sth

casualty

to declare a ceasefire

to be reluctant to do sth

to get involved in sth

to de-escalate tensions

disarmament

to disarm

local

to supply arms to sb

invasion

collapse

to promote sth

to come to sb's aid

to act in one's own interests

to herald sth

invulnerability

soil

to respond (to sth)

to launch a war

affairs

devastating

to enunciate

to go it alone

to bear the burden

to step up sth

ally

to uphold sth

shared response to sth

to chart a clear course

to maximize sth

to be essential to sth

to meet standards

to rally sth

global response

critical needs

in response to sth

natural disaster

earthquake