______________ is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals.
Power
Influence
Attitude
Leadership
means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful.
means that the relationship among people is not passive.
refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities.
Contributing talent, skills, & knowledge is which level on the Level 5 Hierarchy?
Level 1- Individual (Capable)
Level 2- Team Member (Contributing)
Level 3- Manager (Competent)
Level 4- Leader (Effective)
Level 5- Executive
Contributing individually and works well in groups is which level on the Level 5 Hierarchy?
Managing team members and assets to reach set objectives is which level on the Level 5 Hierarchy?
Level 1- Individual (Capable
Stimulating high standards and championing dedication to vision is which level on the Level 5 Hierarchy?
Level 2- Team Member (Contibuting)
Builds excellence through dedication and humility is which level on the Level 5 Hierarchy?
Select all of the characteristics of a Level 5 Leader from the list below.
Often seem shy and self-effacing
Accept responsibility for mistakes
Give credit for successes to other people
Build organizations based on solid values
Blame failures on others
Are arrogant and have strong egos
A transcends self-interest to serve others, the organization, and society.
Why has the concept of servant leadership gained renewed interest in recent years?
Companies are trying to recover from ethical scandals and compete to retain the best human capital
Companies are trying to hide past mistakes by trading their best human talent
Companies are assuming that their best work is moving very quickly.
Companies are managing tasks and themselves instead of people
What are the levels on which servant leaders operate?
Fullfillment of their subordinates goals and needs and for the purpose or mission of their organization
Fulfillment of their subordinates goals and needs
for the purpose or mission of their organization
To gain credit for accomplishments
To gain credit for accomplishments and for the purpose or mission of their organization
An is an individual who knows how to understand themselves, who espouse and act consistent with higher-order ethical values and who empowerrs and inspires others.
Select each of the key characteristics of an authentic leader.
Authentic leaders pursue their purpose with passion
Authentic leaders practice solid values
Authentic leaders establish connected relationships
Authentic leaders Demonstrate self-discipline
Authentic leaders look out for themselves
Authentic leaders Place themselves on a pedestal
Authentic leaders expect to be feared
Authentic leaders lead with their hearts as well as their heads
means that the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority.
Whose leadership style is more suited to today's organization?
Men
Women
Who does it better? Develops Others
Men and Women equally
Who does it better? Drives for results
Who does it better? Inspires and Motivates Others
Who does it better? Innovates
Men and Women Equally
Who does it better? Builds Relationships
Who does it better? Technical or Prefessional Expertise
A good way to think of the distinction between management and leadership is that organizes the production and supply of fish to people whereas teaches and motivates people to fish.
Eric Schmidt's leadership principles can be summarized by which of the following precepts?
Get to know your employees
Create new ways to reward and promote high performers
Get to know your customers
Let employees own the problems that you want them to solve
Allow people to function outsided the hierarchy
Have employees' performance reviewed by someone whom they respect for their objectivity
Allow other managers to delegate tasks to your employees
What did Eric Schmidt use to take Google to the next stage of growth?
A Combination of skillful management and good leadership
Good leadership
Skillful management
An Openess to new ideas
an innovative persective
A combination of an innovative perspective and An Openness to new ideas
_____________ are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and even appearance.
Traits
Strengths
Abilities
Capabilities
Rather than just understanding their , the best leaders recognize and hone their .
_______________ are natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishmnt and satisfaction.
Characterstics
Qualities
What are the 2 types of behavior that have been identified as applicable to effective leadership in a variety of situations?
Task-Oriented Behavior
People-Oriented Behavior
Customer-oriented Behavior
Organization-Oriented Behavior
are broadly defined behaviorior categories, as a basis for study and comparison.
__________ A people-oriented behavior and is the extent to which the leader is mindful of subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust.
Consideration
Collaboration
Capablity
Cooperation
___________ is a Task-oriented Behavior, that is the extent to which the leader is task-oriented and directs subordinate work activities toward goal attainment.
Initiating structure
Task Structure
Manager structure
Studies suggest that leaders may be ❌ on consideration and ❌ on initiating structure or low on consideration and high on initiating structure.
The most effective supervisors are those who established high performance goals and displayed supportive behavior towards subordinates are called___________
Employee-Centered leader
Job-Centered Leader
Self-Centered Leader
Customer-Centered Leader
_______________ Often is considered the most effective style and is recommended for leaders because organization members work together to accomplish tasks.
Team Management (9,9)
Country Club Management (1,9)
Authority-Compliance Management (9,1)
Middle-of-the-Road Management (5,5)
Impoverished Management (1,1)
__________ Occurs when primary emphasis is given to people rather than to work outputs.
Country-Club Management (1,9)
____________ Occurs when efficiency in operations is the dominant orientation.
___________ Reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production.
____________ means the abscence of a management philosophy; managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishments.
Impovershied Management (1,1)
to leadership explores how the organizational situation influences leader effectiveness.
________- refers to a combination of confidence, committment, and motivation, and a follower may be high or low on any of the three ariables.
Willingness
Ability
Motivation
____________ refers to the amount of knowledge, experience, and demonstrated skill that a subordinate brings to the task.
Strength
Talent
The ❌ is a highly dictating style and involves giving explicit directions about how tasks should be accomplished.
The ❌ is one where the leader explains decisions and gives subordinates a chance to ask questions and gain clarity and understanding about work tasks.
The ❌ is one where the leader shares ideas with subordinates, gives them a chance to participate, and facilitates decision making.
The ❌ provides little direction and little support because the leader turns over responsibility for decisions and their implementation to subordinates.
Fiedler cinsidered a person's leadership style relatively ❌ and difficult to change. The basin Idea is to match the Leader's style with the situation ❌ for their effectiveness.
A situation would be considered ____________Favorable to the leader when leader-member relationships are positive, tasks are highly structured, and the leader has formal authority over followers.
Highly
Slightly
Not
Somewhat
❌ leaders are more effective when the situation is either highly favorable or highly unfavorable. ❌ leaders are more effective in situations of moderate favorability.
Why do relationship-oriented leaders perform better in situations of moderate favorability?
Human relations skills are important in achieving high group performance
Employees do not listen to people they do not like and trust.
Leaders can not control people who do not like them
Leaders cannot control people who like them too much
What kind of skills does a leader need that can create a positive group atmosphere that will improve relationships, clarify task structure, and establish position power?
Interpersonal skills
Intrapersonal skills
Relationship skills
Public skills
What makes the leadership style unnescessary or redundant?
Alternatives
Substitutions
Neutralizers
Eliminators
What counteracts the leadership style and prevents the leader from displaying certain behaviors?
The __________ leader has the ability to insspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do despite obstacles and personal sacrifice.
Charismatic
Enthusiastic
Authentic
Servant
Select where the impacts of a charismatic leader come from.
stating a lofty vision of an imagined future that employees identify with
displaying an ability to understand and empathize with followers
empowering and trusting subordinates to accomplish results
convincing subordinates to do as they are told
❌ typpically plays an important part in distinguishing whether a charismatic leader will work to benefit primarily the larger organization or use their skills for ego-building and personal gain.
❌ are distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change by recognizing followers' needs and concerns, providing meaning, challenging people to look at old problems in new ways, and acting as role models for the new behaviors and values.
❌ clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates, initiate structure, provide appropriate rewards, and try to be considerate and meet social needs of subordinates.
What is a vision?
An attractive ideal future that is credible but not attainable.
An inattractive idea of what is coming but not guaranteed
A prediction of future events
Unknown outcomes with identifiable risk
How many follower styles did Robert E. Kelley come up with?
5
6
2
3
, thinker does not consider possibilities beyond what he or she is told, does not contribute to the cultivation of the organization, and accepts the supervisor's ideas without thinking.
, thinkers are mindful of the effects of their own and others' behavior on achieving organizational goals.
The ❌ follower is a passive, yet independaent, critical thinker.
The ❌ participates actively in a relationship with the boss but doesn't use critical-thinking skills.
The ❌ survivor has qualities of all four extremes- depending on which style fits with the prevelant situation.
The ❌ follower exhibits neither critical, independent thinking nor active participation.
The ❌ follower is both a critical, independent thinker and active in the organization.
What type of followers recognize that they have power in their relationships with superiors; they have the courage to manage upward, to initiate change, and even to put themselves at risk or in conflict with their boss if they believe it is best for the organization or team?
Passive
Alienated
Effective
Conformist
What is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others?
Control
What is the effect hat a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or behavior of others?
What is power coming from a formal management position in an organization and the authority granted to it?
Legitimate power
Reward power
Coercive power
Expert power
Referent power
What kind of power comes from the authority to hand out rewards to other people?
What type of power comes from the authority to punnish or recommend punishment?
What type of power is the result of a persons' special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks being performed?
What type of power comes from and individuals' personal characteristics that command others' identification, respect, and admiration so that they wish to emulate that individual?
People who show initiative, work beyond what is expected of them, take on undesirable but important projects, and show interest in learning about the organization and industry often gain power as a result have which of the following other power sources?
Personal effort
Network of relaationships
Information
What other source of power do people who are enmeshed in a network of relationships have?
Network of relationships
What kind of power do people who have access and control over how and to whom information is distributed?
personal effort
Select the 6 principles for asserting influence.
Use rational persuasion
Use coercion
Help people you like
Rely only on yourself
Rely on the rule of reciprocity
Develop allies
Ask for what you want
Demand what you want
Appeal to a higher authority
refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence a to pursue certain course of action.
What does employee motivation affect?
Productivity
Cleanliness
Organization
Visions
Individuals and departments rely on other individuals and departments for information or resources to accomplish their work is referred to as being what?
Interdependent
Independent
Codependent
Dependent
A __________ is a unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their work to accomplish a goal to which they are committed and hold themselves mutually accountable.
Team
Group
Section
Division
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the definition of a team?
Two or more people
Must interact regularly
Must share a performance goal
Must be in the same department
Putting together a ❌ and building ❌ aren't the same thing.
Select the contributions of effective teams.
Creativity and Innovation
Improved Quality
Speed of response
Higher productivity
Enhanced motivation and satisfaction
What kind of teams are composed of a manager and his other subordinates in the formal chain of command?
Functional
Cross-functional
Self Managed
Divisional
❌ Facilitation refers to the tendency for the presence of others to enhance the one's performance.
What kind of team is composed of employees from the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise?
Cross-Functional
Self-Managed
is a group of employees from different departments formed to deal with a specific activity and existing only until the task is finished.
Which type of team consists of 5 to 20 multi-skilled workers who rotate jobs to produce an entire product or service or at least one complete aspect or portion of a product or service?
Which of the following is a typical element of a self-managed team?
Includes employees with several skills and functions and its combined skills are sufficient to perform a major organizational goal
Given access to the resources such as information, equipment, machinery, and supplies needed to perform or complete the task
Empowered with decision making authority which means that members have the freedom to select new members, solve problems, spend money, monitor results and plan for the future.
All of the Answers
Which of the following is NOT a reason that working in teams presents a dilemma for many people?
Have to give up independence
Have to put up with free riders
They are sometimes dysfunctioinal
Have to give up individual credit
❌ is the teams' ability to meet the personal needs of its members and maintain their membership and commitment. ❌ is the performance and the quality and quantity of task outputs defined by teams goals. ❌ is the ability of teams to bring greater knowledge and skills to job tasks and enhance the potential of the organization to respond to new threats or opportunities.
What kind of team is made up of geographically or organizationally dispersed members who are linked primarily through advanced information and telecommunications technologies?
Virtual
Global
International
Web Based
What type of team is a cross-border team made up of members off different nationalities whose activities span multiple countries?
Select the critical areas that managers should address when leading virtual teams.
Use virtual technology to build trust and relationships for effective teamwork
Meet face to face to grow their personal network
Shape culture through virtual technology to reinforce productive norms
Require teleconferences to discuss personal conflicts with other team members
Monitor progress and reward members to keep the team progressing toward its goal
What team characteristics are most important?
Size, Diversity and Member Roles
Size, Location, and Goals
Gender, Diversity, and Member Roles
Size, Diversity, and Location
As a team in size, it becomes harder for each member to interact with and influence the others.
Diverse teams produce innovative solutions to problems.
People who play a ❌ spend more time and energy helping the team reach its goal. People who play the ❌ support team members' emotional needs and help strengthen the social entity.
Select the behaviors associated with a task specialist role.
Initiate Ideas
Give Opinions
Seek Information
Ecourage
Harmonize
Select the behaviors associated with a socioemotional role.
Summarize
Energize
Reduce Tension
Follow
Compromise
Team Processes Team Goals Team Values Team Directions( Team Processes, Team Goals, Team Values, Team Directions ) pertain to those dynamics that change over time and can be influenced by team leaders.
The ❌ stage is orientation and getting acquainted. ❌ stage is conflict and disagreement. ❌ stage is establishment of order and cohesion. ❌ stage is cooperation and problem solving. ❌ stage is task completion.
What is the extent to which members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it called?
Team Cohesiveness
Team Interaction
Team Goals
Team Cooperation
Several things influence team cohesiveness. First is ❌ which is team members have frequent contact, they get to know one another, consider themselves a unit, and become more committed to the team. Second is ❌ which means if team members agree on purpose and direction they will be more cohesive. Third is ❌ which means that members have similar attitudes and values and enjoy being together.
Two factors in the team's context also influence cohesiveness. First is the ❌, which means if a team has competition with other teams its cohesiveness increases. Second is ❌ which means when a team succeeds in its task then members feel good and their commitment to the team will be high.
Why is morale higher in a cohesive team?
Increased communication of team members
a friendly team climate
maintenance of membership because of commitment to the team
loyalty
member participation
All of the answers
What is an informal standard of conduct that is shared by team members and guides their behavior?
Team Norm
Team Value
Team Behavior
Team Goal
What are the ways of developing team norms?
First Behavior Precedents
Carryover from other experiences
Explicit statements from leader members
Critical events in team's history
Controlling the team goals
what is an antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to block the intentions or goals of another?
Conflict
Problem
Crisis
Issue
❌ is a disagreement among people about the goals to be achieved of the content of the tasks to be performed. ❌ is the interpersonal incompatibility that creates tension and personal animosity among people.
What is the primary cause of conflict?
competition over resources such as money, information, or supplies
people are pursuing different goals
from communication breakdown
trust issues.
❌ (My Way) ❌ (Our Way) ❌ (No Way) ❌ (Half Way) ❌ (Your Way)
What is the type of conflict management where people engage in give and take discussions and consider various alternatives to reach a joint decision that is acceptable to both parties?
Negotiation
Compromising
Moderating
None of the ansers
❌ negotiation is based on a win win assumption, in that all parties want to come up with a creative solution that can benefit both parties. ❌ negotiation assumes that the size of the pie is fixed and each party attempts to get as mush as they can.
Which of the following is not a rule for integrative negotiation?
Separate the people from the problem
Focus on underlying interests, not current demands
Listen and ask questions
Insist that results be based on objective standards
Go in knowing that you are going to win
People have ____________ Such as recognition, achievement, or monetary gain.
Needs
Wants
Desires
Requests
❌ rewards are the satisfactions that a person receives in the process of performing a particular action. ❌ rewards are given by another person, typically a manager, and include promotions, praise, and pay increases.
Select the categories of motivation approaches.
Negative approach- Threats and punishments
Positive approach- Rewards such as pay raises, bonuses, and praise
Negative Approach- tap into self doubts
Positive approach- Help people enjoy their work, get a sense of accomplishment
Negative approach- Bribes and blackmail
Positive approach- Words of wisdom
What kind of rewards do effective managers want people to receive in order to meet their needs?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Intrinsic and External
Internal and Extrinsinc
Internal and External
What kind of theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?
Context Theories
Need Based Theories
Structural Theories
Process Theories
Which content theory proposes that people are motivated by multiple needs and that these needs exist in a hierarchical order?
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
ERG Theory
Two-Factor Approach
Acquired Needs Theory
Select the levels of needs described in Maslow's Hierarchy of needs.
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Belongingness Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization Needs
Spiritual Needs
Psychological Needs
Which of the following is NOT a category of the ERG theory?
Existence Needs- The need for physical well being
Relatedness Needs- The needs for satisfactory relationships with others
Growth Needs- The needs that focus on human potential for growth
Psychological Needs- The needs to feel emotionally stable
The ERG model is less more( less, more ) rigid than Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and suggests people can move down as well as up to satisfy their needs.
Which content theory suggest that the work characteristics associated with dissatisfaction were different from those pertaining to satisfaction?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Two Factor Approach
❌ involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers such as workers conditions, pay, company policies and interpersonal relationships. ❌ focus on high level needs and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth.
Goof hygiene factors remove ❌ and doesn't cause workers to become more highly satisfied. When motivators are absent, workers are neutral toward work but when they are present workers have a higher level of ❌.
Which content theory proposes that certain types of needs are acquired during an individuals lifetime?
Which of the following is not one of the needs studied most by acquired needs theory?
Need for Existence
Need for Achievement
Need for Affiliation
Need for Power
People with a high need for ❌ are frequently entrepreneurs while people with a high need for ❌ are successful litigators.
The hierarchy of needs theory, the ERG Theory, the two factor theory, and the acquired needs theory all help managers understand what people.
What kind of theory explains how people select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether they were successful?
Context
Process
Structural
________________ proposes that managers can increase motivation and enhance performance by setting specific, challenging goals and then helping people track their progress toward goal achievement by providing feedback.
Goal Setting Theory
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Which of the following is NOT a key component of goal setting theory?
Goal Specificity- degree to which goals are concrete and unambigious
Goal Difficulty- hard goals are more motivating than easy ones
Goal Acceptance- Employees have to "Buy into goals" and become committed to them
Feedback- Employees receive feedback on how well they are doing
Goal Timliness- The length of time to complete a goal
_________-- focuses on an individuals perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others.
Equality Theory
A state of ❌ exists whenever ratios of one persons outcomes to inputs equals the ratio of another person. ❌ occurs when input to output ratios are out of balance.
Which of the following are the most common methods for reducing perceived inequity?
Change work effort
Change outcomes
Change perceptions
Leave the job
Change salary demands
___________ suggests that motivators depends on individual expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive rewards.
Goal setting theory
Expectancy theory
Equity theory
Equality theory
Expectancy theory is based on the relationship among the persons ❌, their ❌, and their desirability of ❌ with high performance.
__________ involves determining whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance
E to P Expectancy
P to O Expectancy
Valance
Equity
_____________- determines whether successful performance will lead to the desired outcome or reward.
❌ theory attempts to establish that specific types of needs or rewards exist and maybe different for every individual.
Which theory looks at the relationship between behavior and its consequences?
Context theory
Reinforcement theory
What is the name given to the set of techniques by which reinforcement theory is used to to modify human behavior?
Behavior modification
Law of effect
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
__________ says that behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated.
Behavior Modification
Law of Effect
Negative Reinforcement
reinforcement is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior.
_________ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence once a behavior is improved, thereby encouraging and strengthening desired behavior.
Avoidance learning
Punishment
Extinction
_____________- is the imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee.
______ is the withholding of a positive reward.
Which theory proposes that an individuals motivation can result from their observations of other peoples behaviors.?
Reinforcement
Social Learning
Job Design
Vicarious Social Situational( Vicarious, Social, Situational ) learning occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded.
Select all that apply- Managers can enhance an individuals motivation to perform desired behaviors by making sure the individual...
Has a chance to observe the desirable behaviors
Accurately perceives the behaviors
Remembers the behaviors
Has the necessary skills to perform the behaviors
Sees the behaviors are rewarded by the organization
Hears that they are doing it right
Feels valued
_____________ is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction.
Job design
Job enhancement
Job rotation
Job enlargement
❌ is to move employees systematically from one job to another to provide variety and stimulation. ❌ is to combine s series of small tasks into one new broader job so that people perform a variety of activities.
________ means incorporating high level motivators into the work, including responsibility, recognition, and opportunities for growth, learning, and achievement.
Job enrichment
Work Job( Work, Job ) redesign is altering jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity.
Core job dimensions, critical psychological states, and employee growth- need strength are the major parts of what?
Job characteristics model
Job redesign
Job specification
Work redesign
What are the dimensions that determine a jobs motivational potential?
Skill variety
task identity
task significance
autonomy
feedback
skill identity
task variety
Employee growth- needs strength Experienced responsibility( Employee growth- needs strength, Experienced responsibility ) means that people have different needs for growth and development.
__________ is the delegation of power and authority to subordinates in an organization.
Emporwerment
Encouragement
Centralization
Empowering employees involves giving them four elements that enable them to act more freely. What are they?
Information, knowledge, ideas, and power
Knowledge, punishment, ideas, power
Power, information, abilities, punishments
Information, salary, power, rewards
Engaged Disengaged( Engaged, Disengaged ) employees care deeply about the organization and actively seek ways to serve the mission.
Which of the following is NOT an element that creates employee engagement?
a sense of belonging
a sense of meaningfulness
a sense of connection
a sense of growth
the making progress principle goal setting principle( making progress principle, goal setting principle ) is the idea that the most important factor that can boost motivation, positive emotions, and perceptions during a work day is making progress towards meaningful goals.
What is a systematic process of regulating organizational activities to make them consistent with the expectations established in plans, targets, and standards of performance called?
Organizational Control
Performance control
Corporation Control
Leadership Control
The 4 steps of feedback control are: 1. ❌ 2. ❌ 3. ❌ 4. ❌
What balances traditional financial measures with operational measures relating to a company's critical success factors?
balanced scorecard
performance evaluation
leadership scorecard
performance scorecard
A balanced scorecard contains four key perspectives used to track the following performance metrics: 1. ❌- reflects a concern that the organization's activities contribute to improving short and long term financial performance. 2. ❌- measures information such as how customers view the organization and customer retention and satisfaction. 3. ❌- Focuses on production and operating statistics. 4. ❌- focuses on how well resources and human capital are being managed for the company's future.
❌ control involves monitoring and influencing employee behavior through extensive use of rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, reward systems, and other formal mechanisms. ❌ control relies on cultural values, traditions, shared beliefs, and trust to foster compliance with organizational goals.
What type of management allows employees to see for themselves through charts, computer printouts, meetings, and so forth, the financial condition of the company?
Open Book Management
Scientific Management
Total Quality Management
Systematic Management
What type of management uses an organization wide effort to infuse quality into every activity in a company through continuous improvement?
The use of total quality management uses many techniques including: 1. ❌- a group of 6 to 12 volunteer- employees who meet regularly to discuss and solve problems that affect the quality of their work. 2. ❌- the continuous process of measuring products, services, and practices against the toughest competitors or those companies recognized as industry leaders to identify areas for improvement. 3. ❌- a highly ambitious quality standard that specifies a goal of no more than 3.4 defects per million parts. 4. ❌- assigning dedicated personnel within a particular functional area of the business to quality control. 5. ❌- the implementation of a large number of small incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis.
Select all of the Positive quality control factors of TQM.
Tasks make great skill demands on employees
TQM serves to enrich jobs and motivate employees
Problem-solving skills are improved for all employees
Management expectations are unrealistically high
Middle managers are dissatisfied about loss of authority
Select all of the negative quality control factors of TQM
Participation and teamwork are used to tackle significant problems
Continuous improvement is a way of life
Workers are dissatisfied with other aspects of organizational life
Union leaders are left out of quality control discussions
Managers wait for big dramatic innovations
what is the process of setting targets for an organization's expenditures, monitoring results and comparing them to the budget, and making changes as needed called?
Budgetary Control
Responsibility Center
Financial Control
Organizational control
What is an organizational department or unit under the supervision of a single person who is responsible for its activity?
Budgetary Center
Departmental Center
Organizational Center
What type of budget includes anticipated and actual expenses for each responsibility center and for the total organization?
Expense
Cash
Revenue
Capital
What type of budget lists forecasted and actual revenues of the organization?
What type of budget estimates receipts and expenditures of money on a daily or weekly basis to ensure that an organization has sufficient cash to meet its obligations?
What type of budget lists planned investments in major assets such as buildings and involves expenditures over more than 1 year?