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Blood MCQs

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Blood MCQs Physiology PMU 2nd Year

Question 1 of 97

1

Blood clotting:

Select one of the following:

  • requires Ca2+

  • is promoted by erythrocytes

  • defects usually prolong the bleeding time

  • is initiated by tissue tromboplastin in the intrinsic coagulation pathway

  • is decreased by platelets

Explanation

Question 2 of 97

1

B-lymphocytes:

Select one of the following:

  • secrete circulating antibodies

  • carry antigen receptors on their surface

  • secrete antigens

  • secrete IGF-1

  • secrete fibrinogen

Explanation

Question 3 of 97

1

Red blood cells:

Select one of the following:

  • measure 15 mm in diameter

  • do not contain mitochondria

  • have a life span in circulation of 30 days

  • are released from the bone marrow as mature cells

  • contain nucleus

Explanation

Question 4 of 97

1

The following is true about the ABO and Rh systems

Select one of the following:

  • A person of group O is a universal recipient

  • A person who is group AB has anti-A and anti-B antibodies

  • The presence of D antigen means that the subject is Rh(+)

  • Rh antibodies occur naturally

  • The person of group A has anti-A antibodies

Explanation

Question 5 of 97

1

Which of the following helps in blood clotting?

Select one of the following:

  • Vit. B1

  • Vit. B2

  • Vit. D

  • Vit. K

  • Vit. B6

Explanation

Question 6 of 97

1

The function of hemoglobin is:

Select one of the following:

  • Transport of oxygen

  • Destruction of bacteria

  • Prevention of anaemia

  • Utilization of energy

  • Transport of CO

Explanation

Question 7 of 97

1

Which of the following substances is an anticoagulant?

Select one of the following:

  • Ca2+

  • Heparin

  • Fibrinogen

  • Albumin

  • Gamma-Globulins

Explanation

Question 8 of 97

1

What are the agglutinins?

Select one of the following:

  • antibodies

  • antigens

  • beta-globulins

  • amino acids

  • lipids

Explanation

Question 9 of 97

1

Which of the following substance influences indirectly blood clotting?

Select one of the following:

  • calcium ions

  • vit. K and vit. C

  • vit. B6 and vit. K

  • mineralocorticoids

  • renin

Explanation

Question 10 of 97

1

For which of the following cells phagocytosis is not typical?

Select one of the following:

  • neurotrophins

  • plasmocytes

  • monocytes

  • eosinophils

  • macrophages

Explanation

Question 11 of 97

1

Normal (physiological) hemolysis takes place:

Select one of the following:

  • inside the heart

  • inside the spleen and liver

  • inside the kidneys

  • inside the big blood vessels

  • inside the bone marrow

Explanation

Question 12 of 97

1

Which of the following are functions of the blood?

Select one of the following:

  • transport

  • regulation

  • protection

  • temperature regulation

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 97

1

The blood volume of an average size male is:

Select one of the following:

  • 3 to 4 liters

  • 4 to 5 liters

  • 5 to 6 liters

  • 6 to 7 liters

  • 7 to 9 liters

Explanation

Question 14 of 97

1

The blood volume is:

Select one of the following:

  • 10-12% of body weight

  • 10l

  • 6-8% of body weight

  • 5l

  • 3-5% of body weight

Explanation

Question 15 of 97

1

The effects on plasma volume of 500 ml blood loss are neutralized within:

Select one of the following:

  • 1-2 hours

  • 8-10 hours

  • 24 hours

  • one week

  • one month

Explanation

Question 16 of 97

1

Antithrombin III affects which coagulation factor?

Select one of the following:

  • XIIa

  • Xa

  • IIa

  • IXa

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 17 of 97

1

Vitamin K neutralizes:

Select one of the following:

  • factor 5

  • heparin

  • antithrombin 3

  • plasminogen

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 18 of 97

1

Platelet activation will not occur without:

Select one of the following:

  • Ca2+

  • Vessel wall damage

  • Von Willebrand factor

  • Fibrinogen

  • Serotonin

Explanation

Question 19 of 97

1

Complement activation requires:

Select one of the following:

  • antigen-antibody complex

  • opsonization of bacteria

  • helper T-Cells

  • previous exposure to antigen

  • plasma proteins

Explanation

Question 20 of 97

1

For a T-cell to recognize a foreign antigen:

Select one of the following:

  • opsonization

  • the antigen presenting cell identifies the antigen

  • needs T-helper cells

  • prior exposure to antigen required

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 21 of 97

1

Hemoglobin contains:

Select one of the following:

  • one protoporphyrin ring and four ferrous ions

  • four protoporphyrin ring and one ferrous ion

  • four protoporphyrin rings and four ferrous ions

  • one protoporphyrin ring and one ferrous ion

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 22 of 97

1

Which blood component plays the biggest role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Select one of the following:

  • albumin

  • carbon dioxide

  • white blood cells

  • fibrinogen

  • globulins

Explanation

Question 23 of 97

1

In a normal blood sample, which of the following cells will be the most abundant?

Select one of the following:

  • neutrophils

  • basophiles

  • eosinophiles

  • monocytes

  • lymphocytes

Explanation

Question 24 of 97

1

An antigen:

Select one of the following:

  • A chemical messenger that is released by virus infected cells

  • A lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity

  • Something that coats the inside of lungs, causing infection

  • A protein or other molecule that is recognized as non-self

  • A thick yellow-white fluid

Explanation

Question 25 of 97

1

Where is the site of maturation for a B-cell?

Select one of the following:

  • thymus

  • bone marrow

  • pancreas

  • cortex

  • spleen

Explanation

Question 26 of 97

1

Nonspecific resistance is:

Select one of the following:

  • the body's ability to ward off diseases

  • the body's defenses against any kind of pathogen

  • the body's defense against a particular pathogen

  • the lack of resistance

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 27 of 97

1

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in the maturation of T-lymphocytes:

Select one of the following:

  • lymph nodes

  • thymus

  • spleen

  • pineal gland

  • tonsils

Explanation

Question 28 of 97

1

The rate of erythrocyte sedimentation is increased when:

Select one of the following:

  • the plasma albumin fraction is increased

  • fibrinogen in the blood is decreased

  • the plasma globulin fraction is decreased

  • the plasma globulin fraction is increased

  • lack of erythropoietin

Explanation

Question 29 of 97

1

Agglutinins are found in:

Select one of the following:

  • the erythrocytes membrane

  • the leukocytes

  • the plasma

  • the platelets

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 30 of 97

1

γ-globulins are related to:

Select one of the following:

  • Humoral Immunity

  • Blood Coagulation

  • Transport of gases by the blood

  • Erythropoiesis

  • Cellular Immunity

Explanation

Question 31 of 97

1

Oxyhemoglobin is a compound of:

Select one of the following:

  • hemoglobin and 02

  • hemoglobin and CO2

  • hemoglobin and Fe2+

  • hemoglobin and CO

  • hemoglobin and N

Explanation

Question 32 of 97

1

The amount of plasma proteins is:

Select one of the following:

  • 135-145 mmol.1-1

  • 140-160 g.1-1

  • 55-85 g.1-1

  • 2.8-5.6 mmol.1-1

  • 0.40-0.50 1.1-1

Explanation

Question 33 of 97

1

The plasma of blood type AB contains:

Select one of the following:

  • anti-A agglutinins

  • anti-B agglutinins

  • anti-A and anti-B agglutinins

  • no agglutinins

  • agglutinogens A and B

Explanation

Question 34 of 97

1

Osmotic hemolysis is due to:

Select one of the following:

  • water hypotonic solution entering the erythrocytes

  • destruction of the erythrocyte membrane by chemicals

  • fibrinolysis

  • formation of carbaminohemoglobin

  • transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin

Explanation

Question 35 of 97

1

Hypervolemia is:

Select one of the following:

  • increased blood volume

  • decreased blood volume

  • increased blood cholesterol

  • increased plasma proteins

  • increased blood pressure

Explanation

Question 36 of 97

1

Leucopenia is:

Select one of the following:

  • increased number of leukocytes

  • increased number of platelets

  • decreased number of leucocytes

  • increased number of erythrocytes

  • decreased number of platelets

Explanation

Question 37 of 97

1

When AB(0) blood is transfused to a recipient of blood type 0 (anti-A, anti-B):

Select one of the following:

  • the limit of the blood transfused is up to 300 ml

  • the transfused amount is unlimited

  • transfusion is forbidden

  • transfusion of plasma is the only possibility

  • possible only once in a lifetime

Explanation

Question 38 of 97

1

Sodium citrate stops coagulation by:

Select one of the following:

  • blocking fibrinogen

  • reacting with Ca2+

  • massive fibrinolysis

  • destruction of platelets

  • blocking Vit. K

Explanation

Question 39 of 97

1

The normal erythrocyte count is:

Select one of the following:

  • 140-160.10^9.1-1

  • 4-5.2.10^12.1-1

  • 4-11.10^9.1-1

  • 200-400.10^9.1-1

  • 0.40-0.50 1.1-1

Explanation

Question 40 of 97

1

Leucocytosis is:

Select one of the following:

  • increased number of leukocytes

  • increased number of platelet

  • decreased number of leucocytes

  • increased number of erythrocytes

  • increased percentage of neutrophils

Explanation

Question 41 of 97

1

Platelets take part in:

Select one of the following:

  • the immune defense

  • the transport of gases in blood

  • homeostasis

  • renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 42 of 97

1

The normal values of hemoglobin are:

Select one of the following:

  • 4-5.5.10^12.1-1

  • 135-145 mmol.1-1

  • 140-160 g.1-1

  • 2.8-5.6 mmol.1-1

  • 140-160 g%

Explanation

Question 43 of 97

1

Of major significance for maintaining the blood oncotic pressure is:

Select one of the following:

  • the number of erythrocytes

  • the plasma globulin fraction

  • the leukocyte count

  • the plasma albumin fraction

  • the plasmafibrinogen

Explanation

Question 44 of 97

1

The red color of blood is due to:

Select one of the following:

  • The plasma cholesterol

  • The plasma albumin fraction

  • Ca2+ and K+ in plasma

  • The granules in the leucocytes

  • The hemoglobin in the erythrocytes

Explanation

Question 45 of 97

1

The normal blood platelet count is:

Select one of the following:

  • 4-11.10^9.1-1

  • 4.4-5.2 10^12.1-1

  • 60-90.10^12.1-1

  • 200-400.10^9.1-1

  • 200-400.10^12.1-1

Explanation

Question 46 of 97

1

Fibrinolysis is:

Select one of the following:

  • Formation of the white plug

  • Formation of the red plug

  • Fibrin clot destruction

  • Viscose metamorphosis of the platelets

  • Destruction of adrenal medulla

Explanation

Question 47 of 97

1

When blood is transfused from 0(anti-A, anti-B) donor to AB(0) recipient:

Select one of the following:

  • the amount is up to 500 ml

  • the amount is unlimited

  • transfusion is impossible

  • only plasma may be transfused

  • only once in a lifetime

Explanation

Question 48 of 97

1

The osmotic fragility is determined by the use of:

Select one of the following:

  • Hypotonic solution of NaCl

  • Hypertonic solution of NaCl

  • HCl

  • NaOH

  • Celloscope

Explanation

Question 49 of 97

1

Heparin is:

Select one of the following:

  • a factor transforming prothrombin into thrombin

  • platelet factor 8

  • endogenic anticoagulant

  • exogenic anticoagulant

  • pancreatic enzyme

Explanation

Question 50 of 97

1

The plasma protein fraction of major significance for coagulation is:

Select one of the following:

  • albumin

  • globulin

  • fibrinogen

  • γ-globulin

  • globulin and albumin

Explanation

Question 51 of 97

1

The normal range of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) is:

Select one of the following:

  • 2.4-2.6 mmol.1-1

  • 140-160 g.1-1

  • 1st hour: men- 3-8 mm; women- 5-10 mm

  • 0.55-1.48 g.1-1

  • 0.40-0.50 1.1-1

Explanation

Question 52 of 97

1

Of major significance for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is:

Select one of the following:

  • the leukocyte count

  • the albumin/globulin ratio

  • total blood cholesterol

  • the platelet count

  • the leukocytes ratio (%)

Explanation

Question 53 of 97

1

The normal leukocyte count is:

Select one of the following:

  • 200-400.10^9.1-1

  • 4.0-11.10^9.1-1

  • 4.5-5.2.10^12.1-1

  • 60-90.10^9.1-1

  • 20-40% of all blood cells

Explanation

Question 54 of 97

1

Fe2+ ions are necessary for:

Select one of the following:

  • the production of fibrinogen

  • erythropoiesis

  • the formation of leukocytes

  • the formation of platelets

  • the synthesis of thyreocalcitonin

Explanation

Question 55 of 97

1

The percentage of Rh(+) people is:

Select one of the following:

  • 15%

  • 85%

  • 50%

  • 30%

  • 15% of pregnant women

Explanation

Question 56 of 97

1

The normal hematocrit range in men is:

Select one of the following:

  • 0.40-0.50 1.1-1

  • 2.4-2.6 mnol.1-1

  • 0.55-1.48 mmol.1-1

  • 140 - 160 g.1-1

  • 4.5-5.5.10^12.1-1

Explanation

Question 57 of 97

1

Hematocrit measures the percentage of:

Select one of the following:

  • white blood cells

  • plasma

  • platelets

  • red blood cells

  • serum proteins

Explanation

Question 58 of 97

1

To prevent blood loss after a tissue injury, blood vessels first:

Select one of the following:

  • form a platelet plug

  • form a clot

  • initiate the coagulation cascade

  • constrict and form barriers

  • dilate

Explanation

Question 59 of 97

1

A foreign substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the immune system to react by producing antibodies is called:

Select one of the following:

  • allergen

  • antigen

  • histamine

  • mast cell

  • interferon

Explanation

Question 60 of 97

1

When neutrophils and macrophages squeeze out of capillaries to fight off infection, it is called:

Select one of the following:

  • phagocytosis

  • hemolysis

  • interleukin

  • diapedesis

  • folliculitis

Explanation

Question 61 of 97

1

Each of the following is a component of plasma except:

Select one of the following:

  • water

  • proteins

  • formed elements

  • nutrients

  • salts

Explanation

Question 62 of 97

1

Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its:

Select one of the following:

  • volume is greater

  • tonicity is lower

  • Na+ concentration is lower

  • sodium: potassium molar ratio is higher

  • pH is lower

Explanation

Question 63 of 97

1

Total body water, expressed as a percentage of body weight:

Select one of the following:

  • can be measured with an indicator dilution technique to deuterium oxide

  • is smaller on average in women than in men

  • rises following injection of posterior pituitary extracts

  • is less than 80 per cent in young adults

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 64 of 97

1

Breakdown of erythrocytes in the body:

Select one of the following:

  • occurs when they are 6-8 weeks old

  • is named erythropoiesis

  • yields iron, most of which is excreted in the urine

  • yields bilirubin which is carried by plasma protein to the liver

  • is required for the synthesis of bile salts

Explanation

Question 65 of 97

1

A person with group A blood

Select one of the following:

  • has anti-A antibody in the plasma

  • may have the genotype AB

  • may have a parent with group O blood

  • may have children with group A or group O blood only

  • whose partner is also A can only have children of group A

Explanation

Question 66 of 97

1

Blood platelets are:

Select one of the following:

  • releasing factors promoting blood clotting

  • adhering together to form plugs when exposed to collagen

  • 200-400.10^9.1^-1

  • releasing factors causing vasoconstriction

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 67 of 97

1

Plasma bilirubin:

Select one of the following:

  • is a steroid pigment

  • is converted to biliverdin in the liver

  • does not normally cross cerebral capillary walls

  • is freely filtered in the renal glomerulus

  • has red colour

Explanation

Question 68 of 97

1

Monocytes:

Select one of the following:

  • originate from precursor cells in lymph nodes

  • can Increase in number when their parent cells are stimulated by factors released from activated lymphocytes

  • unlike granulocytes, do not migrate across capillary walls

  • take part in homeostasis

  • manufacture immunoglobulin M

Explanation

Question 69 of 97

1

Erythrocytes:

Select one of the following:

  • are responsible for the major part of blood viscosity

  • contain the enzyme carbonic anhydrase

  • metabolize glucose to produce CO2 and H2O

  • carry 02 and CO2

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 70 of 97

1

Human plasma albumin:

Select one of the following:

  • contributes more to plasma colloid osmotic pressure than globulin

  • can not filter freely at the glomerulus

  • is negatively charged at the normal pH of blood

  • carries sex hormones in blood

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 71 of 97

1

Neutrophil granulocytes:

Select one of the following:

  • are the most common leukocyte in normal blood

  • contain proteolytic enzymes

  • contain actin and myosin microfilaments

  • are present in high concentration in pus

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 72 of 97

1

Bleeding from a small cut in the skin:

Select one of the following:

  • is normally diminished by local vascular spasm

  • ceases within about five minutes in normal people

  • is greater from warm skin than from cold skin

  • is reduced if the affected limb is elevated

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 73 of 97

1

Circulating red blood cells:

Select one of the following:

  • are about 1 per cent nucleated

  • take part in immunity

  • are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels

  • deform as they pass through the capillaries

  • travel at slower velocity in venules than in capillaries

Explanation

Question 74 of 97

1

Lymphocytes:

Select one of the following:

  • are motile

  • can transform into plasma cells

  • increase in number during infection

  • decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 75 of 97

1

Blood:

Select one of the following:

  • makes up about 3% of body weight

  • forms a higher percentage of body weight in fat than in thin people

  • squeezes out serum when it clots

  • volume can be calculated by multiplying plasma volume by the haematocrit (expressed as a percentage)

  • volume rises after diuretic is taken

Explanation

Question 76 of 97

1

The pH:

Select one of the following:

  • of arterial blood normally ranges from 7.2 to 7.6

  • units express [H+] in moles/litre

  • of blood is directly proportional to the pCO2

  • of blood is directly proportional to [HCO3-]

  • of arterial blood is lower than venous blood

Explanation

Question 77 of 97

1

Blood eosinophils:

Select one of the following:

  • have agranular cytoplasm

  • are about a quarter of all leukocytes

  • are relatively abundant in the mucosa of the respiratory, urinary and alimentary tracts

  • are 50-70% of all leukocytes

  • increase in number in viral infections

Explanation

Question 78 of 97

1

Lymph:

Select one of the following:

  • doesn't contain plasma proteins

  • vessels are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the intestine

  • production decreases during muscular activity

  • does not normally contain cells

  • flow is aided by contraction of adjacent skeletal muscles

Explanation

Question 79 of 97

1

Blood platelets:

Select one of the following:

  • are formed in the bone marrow

  • are normally more numerous than white cells

  • increase in number after injury and surgery

  • alter shape when in contact with collagen

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 80 of 97

1

An appropriate dilution indicator for measuring:

Select one of the following:

  • total body water is sucrose

  • plasma volume is radioactive sodium

  • extracellular fluid volume is inulin

  • intracellular fluid volume directly is heavy water (deuterium oxide)

  • total body water is radioactive iodine

Explanation

Question 81 of 97

1

Excessive tissue fluid (oedema) in the legs may:

Select one of the following:

  • be associated with a raised extracellular fluid volume

  • result from hepatic disease

  • result from blockage of pelvic lymphatics

  • increase local interstitial thud pressure

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 82 of 97

1

Haemolytic disease of the new born:

Select one of the following:

  • can be prevented by injecting the mother with anti-D agglutinins just after delivery

  • affects mainly babies of Rh-positive mothers

  • occurs mainly in babies who lack D agglutinogen

  • causes jaundice which clears rapidly alter birth

  • can be treated by transfusing the affected baby with Rh-positive blood

Explanation

Question 83 of 97

1

Patients with moderate to severe anaemia have a reduced:

Select one of the following:

  • cardiac output

  • incidence of vascular bruits

  • 2:3-diphosphoglycerate blood level

  • arterial pO2

  • capacity to raise oxygen consumption in exercise

Explanation

Question 84 of 97

1

Iron deficiency:

Select one of the following:

  • frequently follows persistent loss of blood from the body

  • is more common in men than in women

  • may cause anaemia by inhibiting the rate of multiplication of RBC stem cells

  • may cause large pale erythrocytes to appear in peripheral blood

  • anaemia should normally be treated by injections of iron

Explanation

Question 85 of 97

1

Severe reactions are likely after transfusion of blood group:

Select one of the following:

  • A to a group B person

  • O to a group AB person

  • O to a group A person

  • A to a group AB person

  • O Rh- negative to a group AB Rh-positive person

Explanation

Question 86 of 97

1

The haematocrit (packed cell volume):

Select one of the following:

  • may be obtained by centrifugation of blood donation

  • may be calculated by multiplying the mean cell volume by the red cell count

  • rises in a patient who sustains widespread burns

  • rises following vomiting

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 87 of 97

1

Red cell formation is increased:

Select one of the following:

  • in blood donors one week after a blood donation

  • in patients with haemolytic anaemia

  • by giving injections of erythropoietin to nephrectomized patients

  • in patients who have a raised blood reticulocyte count

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 88 of 97

1

Respiratory alkalosis differs from metabolic alkalosis in that the:

Select one of the following:

  • patient has hyperventilation

  • arterial blood [HCO3-] is normal or low

  • arterial blood pCO2 is reduced

  • reduction in cerebral blood flow is greater

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 89 of 97

1

Red blood cells would swell in which type of solution?

Select one of the following:

  • hypotonic

  • isotonic

  • hypertonic

  • hydrophilic

  • lipophilic

Explanation

Question 90 of 97

1

The most abundant type of protein in plasma is:

Select one of the following:

  • insulin

  • globulin

  • albumin

  • glycogen

  • fibrinogen

Explanation

Question 91 of 97

1

The number of oxygen molecules carried by one Hb molecule:

Select one of the following:

  • 1

  • 2

  • 4

  • 8

  • 3

Explanation

Question 92 of 97

1

Majority of clotting factors are produced in:

Select one of the following:

  • liver

  • kidney

  • heart

  • brain

  • muscle

Explanation

Question 93 of 97

1

Cellular immunity is due to:

Select one of the following:

  • B lymphocytes

  • T lymphocytes

  • neutrophils

  • eosinophils

  • erythrocytes

Explanation

Question 94 of 97

1

Action of plasmin is:

Select one of the following:

  • to remove calcium

  • antithrombin action

  • to stimulate heparin

  • to degenerate fibrin

  • to produce plug

Explanation

Question 95 of 97

1

Which is the most rare blood group:

Select one of the following:

  • A Rh+

  • AB Rh+

  • AB Rh-

  • B Rh-

  • O Rh+

Explanation

Question 96 of 97

1

Hematocrit of 45% means that in the sample of blood analysed:

Select one of the following:

  • 45% Hb is in the plasma

  • 45% of total blood volume is made up of plasma

  • 45% of Hb is in the RBC

  • 45% of the total blood volume is made up of RBC's and WBC's

  • 45% of blood volume is made of Tr

Explanation

Question 97 of 97

1

Which of the following statements concerning the monocyte is incorrect:

Select one of the following:

  • more common in blood than eosinophils and basophils

  • produced in the adult by the bone marrow and lymph nodes

  • unlike neutrophil does not accumulate outside circulation in area of inflammation

  • not classified as a granulocyte

  • 28% of differential blood count

Explanation

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