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Fluoride

Question 1 of 22

1

Which of these mechanisms allow fluoride to increase the resistance of teeth to acid attack?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Reduce/inhibit enamel dissolving

  • Promoting remineralisation

  • Changing plaque ecology

  • Reducing plaque acid production

  • Increased enamel dissolution

Explanation

Question 2 of 22

1

What is the acute lethal dose of fluoride?

Select one of the following:

  • 32-64mg F / kg body weight

  • 5 g F / kg body weight

  • 32-64g F / kg body weight

  • 5 mg F / kg body weight

Explanation

Question 3 of 22

1

What is the toxic dose for fluoride?

Select one of the following:

  • 5 mg F/ kg body weight

  • 5 g F/ kg body weight

  • 32-64mg F / kg body weight

  • 32-64g F / kg body weight

Explanation

Question 4 of 22

1

What are some clinical symptoms of fluoride poisoning?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Nausea

  • Diarrhoea

  • Convulsions

  • Cardiac arrhythmias

  • Conjunctivitis

Explanation

Question 5 of 22

1

Why might acute fluoride poisoning lead to cardiac dysrhythymia?

Select one of the following:

  • Hypocalcemia / Hyperkalemia

  • Hypercalcemia / Hypokalemia

  • Hypernatremia / Hyperkalemia

  • Hypercalcemia / Hyponatremia

Explanation

Question 6 of 22

1

Skeletal fluorosis is sometimes mistaken for...

Select one of the following:

  • Arthritis

  • Osteoporosis

  • Parkinson's

  • Huntington's

Explanation

Question 7 of 22

1

How does fluoride impair enamel formation?

Select one of the following:

  • Interferes with the ameloblasts in the early maturation phase leading to imperfect crystals / prisms

  • Interferes with the ameloblasts in the late maturation phase leading to imperfect crystals / prisms

  • Leads to imperfect collagen deposition by the ameloblasts leading to imperfect crystals / prisms

  • Leads to imperfect hydroxyapatite deposition by the odontoblasts leading to imperfect enamel crystals / prisms

Explanation

Question 8 of 22

1

How does fluoride impair dentin formation?

Select one of the following:

  • Leads to impaired random collagen and hydroxyapatite deposition which is more susceptible to caries

  • Leads to impaired random hydroxyapatite deposition which is more susceptible to caries

  • Leads to impaired random collagen deposition which is more susceptible to caries

Explanation

Question 9 of 22

1

Fluoride _________ mineralisation of bone, leading to heavy irregular mineralisation of bone.

Select one of the following:

  • Stimulates

  • Inhibits

Explanation

Question 10 of 22

1

75-90% of fluoride is absorbed in the

Select one of the following:

  • Stomach

  • Duodenum and Upper jejunum

  • Lower jejunum and ileum

  • Duodenum only

Explanation

Question 11 of 22

1

Fluoride is mostly absorbed by...

Select one of the following:

  • Passive diffusion

  • Active transport

  • Facilitated diffusion

Explanation

Question 12 of 22

1

Maternal and Foetal blood fluoride levels tend to be..

Select one of the following:

  • Similar, therefore related.

  • Completely different, therefore unrelated.

Explanation

Question 13 of 22

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The three phases of fluoride transport are:

1. Tissue fluid / soft tissue eq and dilution
2. Hard tissue deposition in tissues with high F
3. clearance of F which not deposited in skeleton

Explanation

Question 14 of 22

1

Fluoride accumulates in the soft tissues.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 22

1

Saliva and Tissue fluid have similar fluoride levels to blood plasma.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 22

1

Why does fluoride have such a high affinity for bone?

Select one of the following:

  • It has a high affinity for hydroxyapatite in bone, preferentially forming fluorapatite.

  • It has a high affinity for collagen in bone, preferentially forming fluoridated collagen.

  • It has a high affinity for receptors in bone marrow which allow it to bind readily

Explanation

Question 17 of 22

1

What is the half life of fluoride in someone who is not frequently exposed to F?

Select one of the following:

  • 24 hrs

  • 2 years

  • 12 hrs

  • 1 hr

Explanation

Question 18 of 22

1

What factors might impact on renal clearance of fluoride?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Dose of fluoride

  • Previous exposure

  • Fluid intake

  • Cirrhosis

  • Half life of fluoride

Explanation

Question 19 of 22

1

Fluoride interferes with acid production by bacteria. How does it inhibit it?

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibits the enolase enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)

  • Inhibits the alpha-ketoglutarate enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)

  • Inhibits the hexokinase enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)

Explanation

Question 20 of 22

1

Fluoride interferes with extracellular polysaccharide formation

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 22

1

Fluoride decreases bacterial intracellular polysaccharide formation and glucose uptake.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 22

1

Fluoride does not affect cariogenicity but does decrease the amount of plaque formation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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