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developental saved (Finsihed) Quiz on Theory of Mind, created by murat sertay on 15/08/2016.

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Theory of Mind

Question 1 of 56

1

There is an ability to attribute the same beliefs, desires, and intentions that you have to others. This can also be used to predict behaviour. What is this called?

Select one of the following:

  • Theory of Mind

  • Understanding of Mind

  • Perception of Mind

Explanation

Question 2 of 56

1

Bakti (et al., 2000) found early signs of Theory of Mind when infants were focused on the open eyes of faces. Does this occur before or after they turn a year old?

Select one of the following:

  • Before

  • After

Explanation

Question 3 of 56

1

It has been suggested that when babies see others cry, they cry as well. They can "catch" emotions. What is this called?

Select one of the following:

  • Emotional disease

  • Emotional contagion

  • Emotional reciprocation

Explanation

Question 4 of 56

1

Do newborns understand empathy when they see others expressing emotion?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 5 of 56

1

Infants use emotional signals to guide their actions or appraise events. For example, during "visual cliffs", infants look at their mothers to decide on what to do next. What is this called?

Select one of the following:

  • Social inference

  • Social referencing

  • Social indignation

Explanation

Question 6 of 56

1

When is social referencing said to occur?

Select one of the following:

  • Before turning a year old

  • When a year old

  • At 2 years old

Explanation

Question 7 of 56

1

______-________ ________ is when a one-year-old infant will signal for something to be picked up.

Select one of the following:

  • Proto-imperative pointing

  • Proto-declarative pointing

Explanation

Question 8 of 56

1

______-________ ________ is when a one-year-old infant will signal at an object or person, but have no desire for action.

Select one of the following:

  • Proto-declarative pointing

  • Proto-imperative pointing

Explanation

Question 9 of 56

1

One-year-olds understand and engage with the attention of others to share attention. What is this called?

Select one of the following:

  • Joint attention

  • Reciprocal attention

  • Understood attention

Explanation

Question 10 of 56

1

At what age do infants understand early desire (Rapacholi & Gopnik, 1997), as well as the desire-happiness and desire-action links (Wellman & Wooley, 1990)?

Select one of the following:

  • At a year old

  • At 2 years old

  • Less than a year old

Explanation

Question 11 of 56

1

Do newborns prefer open or closed eyes according to Bakti (et al., 2000)?

Select one of the following:

  • Open

  • Closed

Explanation

Question 12 of 56

1

Do newborns find faces interesting, according to Bakti (et al., 2000)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 13 of 56

1

Which of the following evolves first in infant development at 18 months old?

Select one of the following:

  • Early desire

  • Desire-happiness link

  • Desire-action link

Explanation

Question 14 of 56

1

Children acquire adult-like Theory of Mind understanding at what age?

Select one of the following:

  • A year old

  • 2 years old

  • 3 years old

  • 4 years old

Explanation

Question 15 of 56

1

According to Wellman (1990), do children begin to have belief-desire reasoning?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 16 of 56

1

At 2 years old, children understand that people act according to their ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Desires

  • Beliefs

Explanation

Question 17 of 56

1

At 4 years old, children understand that people act according to their ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Desires

  • Beliefs

Explanation

Question 18 of 56

1

Does Theory of Mind develop continuously from birth to adulthood?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 19 of 56

1

According to Perner (1991), what type of understanding do children develop?

Select one of the following:

  • Representational

  • Fictional

  • Theoretical

  • Perceptual

Explanation

Question 20 of 56

1

A 3 year old will commonly answer ________ to a false belief task.

Select one of the following:

  • Correctly

  • Incorrectly

Explanation

Question 21 of 56

1

A 4 or 5-year-old will typically answer ________ on a false belief task.

Select one of the following:

  • Correctly

  • Incorrectly

Explanation

Question 22 of 56

1

Is the false belief task an "acid test" of whether Theory of Mind has been understood?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 23 of 56

1

A child understands Theory of Mind when:

Select one of the following:

  • They can separate mind (eg, what someone believes) from world (eg, what something actually is)

  • They can conflate two variables together to form a type of reasoning

Explanation

Question 24 of 56

1

If a child fails a false belief task, what type of deficit is it?

Select one of the following:

  • A mental understanding deficit

  • A language or memory deficit

Explanation

Question 25 of 56

1

Which sex prefers to more eye contact and biological motion?

Select one of the following:

  • Girls

  • Boys

Explanation

Question 26 of 56

1

Who has the slight advantage at false belief tasks according to Charman, Ruffman, and Clements (2001)?

Select one of the following:

  • Girls

  • Boys

Explanation

Question 27 of 56

1

Avis and Harris (1991) examined the Baka tribe of Cameroon on the understanding of Theory of Mind. Callaghan (et al., 2005) replicated and extended the findings. What was found?

Select one of the following:

  • Children under 5 failed the task, children over 5 passed

  • Children, regardless of age, were able to pass the task

Explanation

Question 28 of 56

1

Wellman, Cross, and Watson (2001) were able to confirm that full understanding occurs at what age?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 years old

  • 3 years old

  • 4 years old

Explanation

Question 29 of 56

1

Social understanding of Theory of Mind is:

Select one of the following:

  • Social understanding

  • Perceptual understanding

  • Rational understanding

Explanation

Question 30 of 56

1

Social understanding of Theory of Mind, narrowly, is:

Select one of the following:

  • False belief understanding

  • False perceptual understanding

  • False rationalisation understanding

Explanation

Question 31 of 56

1

In false belief understanding (or social understanding) do children differentiate between beliefs and desires? Would they understand that someone will act on their beliefs even when their desires are against it?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 32 of 56

1

Is false belief understanding (or social understanding) synonymous with perspective-taking (Perner, et al., 2002)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 33 of 56

1

Do children need connectedness of communication (Slomkowski & Dunn, 1996) in perspective-taking to pass false belief tasks?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 34 of 56

1

Do children need the understanding of role play, as well as joint proposals in pretend play (Astington & Jenkins, 1995) in perspective-taking to pass false belief tasks?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 35 of 56

1

Do children need peer-teaching skills (Strauss, Ziv & Stein, 2002) in perspective-taking in order to pass false belief tasks?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 36 of 56

1

Which way are social skills generally measured in children, according to Lalonde and Chandler (1995)?

Select one of the following:

  • Intentional behaviours vs. social rules

  • Intentional behaviours with social rules

Explanation

Question 37 of 56

1

Are there general ratings with social competence, or are they more specific according to Nixon, Wilson, and Capage (1999)?

Select one of the following:

  • General ratings with social competence

  • Specific ratings with social competence

Explanation

Question 38 of 56

1

Is there an issue with language and social competence in that there is no language control, according to Lalonde and Chandler (1995)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 39 of 56

1

Is there an issue with language and social control in terms of total utterances according to Watson (et al., 1999)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 40 of 56

1

Is there an issue with language and social competence in terms of attributing language with causality, according to Pears and Carlson (2003)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 41 of 56

1

Is there an issue with social competence against causality, in that there is a division between certain socially competent children and the socially skilled (Bosacki & Astington)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 42 of 56

1

Can issues with Theory of Mind lead to psychopathy, according to Blair (2003, 2008)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 43 of 56

1

Can issues with Theory of Mind lead to bullying, according to Sutton, Smith, and Swettenham (1999)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 44 of 56

1

Dunn and Cutting (2001) highlighted that children ________ become sensitive to criticism.

Select one of the following:

  • Do

  • Do not

Explanation

Question 45 of 56

1

According to Cahill (et al., 2007), higher Theory of Mind levels of understanding with very warm mothers leads to high or low self-esteem?

Select one of the following:

  • High self-esteem

  • Low self-esteem

Explanation

Question 46 of 56

1

According to Cahill (et al., 2007), higher Theory of Mind levels of understanding but with more cold and hostile mothers leads to higher or lower self-esteem?

Select one of the following:

  • Higher self-esteem

  • Lower self-esteem

Explanation

Question 47 of 56

1

What two components are necessary for greater understanding of Theory of Mind?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Executive functioning

  • General language ability

  • Hippocampal processing

  • Advanced perceptual understanding

  • Rationalisation

Explanation

Question 48 of 56

1

The Vygotskian view suggests that, for a more advanced understanding of Theory of Mind, children need to learn and practice mental state understanding or perspective taking (Harris, et al., 2005). What is this called?

Select one of the following:

  • Mental state awareness

  • Mental state talk

  • Mental state coercion

Explanation

Question 49 of 56

1

Does Theory of Mind understanding positively correlate with the number of siblings a 3 or 4-year-old has according to Perner (et al., 1994)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 50 of 56

1

According to Astington & Jenkins (1995), does the number of siblings positively correlate with false belief task success particularly with weaker language competency?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 51 of 56

1

Lewis (et al., 1996) analysed families in Cyprus. They found that the ______ family members a child had, the greater their chances of passing false belief tasks. This was especially true with siblings.

Select one of the following:

  • More

  • Less

Explanation

Question 52 of 56

1

According to Ruffman (et al., 1998), does social interaction with siblings facilitate social cognition (eg, Theory of Mind)?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 53 of 56

1

Youngblade and Dunn (1995) found that:

Select one of the following:

  • The older the sibling, the more sophisticated the pretence

  • The younger the sibling, the more sophisticated the pretence

Explanation

Question 54 of 56

1

Brown and Dunn (1991, 1992) found that most mental state talk occurs with the mother or older sibling(s)?

Select one of the following:

  • Mother

  • OIder sibling(s)

Explanation

Question 55 of 56

1

The Ruffman, Slade and Crowe (2002) study was cross-sectional (eg, at one time-point). It gives correlations between the mother and child, but does it give causation?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 56 of 56

1

Does mental state talk cause false belief understanding (comes before), or does a mother's use of mental state talk help to facilitate understanding once they have already achieved it (comes after)?

Select one of the following:

  • Mental state talk causes false belief understanding (comes before)

  • Mental state talk helps to facilitate understanding once they have achieved it (comes after)

Explanation

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