Stroma

How many membranes enclose the mitochondrion?

Describe the endosymbiotic hypothesis on the origin of
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Chloroplasts are divided into three major compartments
by internal membranes:

What is central to the
processes that make energy available to the cell

Endosymbiotic hypothesis

Evidence for endosymbiosis

The ingredients for photosynthesis are

Cellular Respiration

The Relationship between Cellular
Respiration and Breathing

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Equation for cellular respiration

Redox Reactions
(Oxydation Reduction Reactions)

Redox reaction

Why does electron transfer to
oxygen release energy?

Metabolism has two parts:

3 stages of cellular respiration

NADH and Electron Transport Chains (ETC)

Stage 1: Glycolysis

Glycolysis makes some ATP directly when ....

What are the net molecular products of
Glycolysis, for each glucose molecule used?

Glycolysis Summary

Stage 2: The Citric Acid Cycle
(TCA cycle or Kreb Cycle , Hans Krebs: 1930)

Grooming of Pyruvic Acid to Enter Mitochondria

Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Oxidative Phosphorylation

Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation

When the hydrogen ions flow back by facillitated
diffusion through the membrane, they release

Cellular respiration can “burn” other kinds
of molecules besides glucose:

Fermentation:

Evolution Connection: The Oxygen Revolution

Almost all plants are photosynthetic autotrophs,
as are some bacteria and protists (algae)

Chloroplasts: Sites of Photosynthesis

The Overall Equation for Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is composed of two processes: