Which is not true of protein?
Would not store in a dog
Filtered by liver then kidneys
Provides 4kcal/gram of energy
Less efficient than fats but more efficient than carbs
Is a macronutrient
The building blocks are amino acids
Which is not true of Glucose?
Stores in the liver and muscle both
Is always essential for cats and dogs
This is the preferred energy source
Absorbs directly into the bloodstream
Elevates blood sugar very quickly
Also called dextrose in vet medicine
Which is not true of sucrose?
Is a disaccharide
Breaks down into glucose and fructose
Also known as table sugar
Breaks down in liver into glucose only
Which is true of the complex carbohydrate fiber?
Breaks into sugar used for hairballs
Not a nutrient
May ferment in small intestine
Speeds up the release of glucose
High amount used for lactation
Low amounts used for weight reduction
May resist digestion in the large intestine
What is not true of fats?
Called lipids
Breaks down into fatty acids
Most concentrated form of energy
Required for vitamin B to work
What is not true of omega 6?
Too much causes skin problems
Anti-inflammatory
Good for skin and coat if used right
Excess can cause struvite crystals
What is not true of omega 3?
Omega 3 is 1:10 with omega 6
Is an EFA
Helps with vision, heart problems, IBD
Contains linoleic and arachidonic acids
Non-energy producing nutrient
Water
Glucose
Fiber
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Body prefers this as the energy source
Amino acids
This is not a nutrient but is used to manage diabetes
Fat
Protein
Chicken and pork
Psyllium
Broken down into the liver and gives the sweet taste to food
Sucrose
Fructose
Crude protein
Fats
Cats use this for energy since it does not store
Sodium bicarbonate
Vitamin C
Most likely to cause toxicity
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin K
Minimally toxic and treats hemorrhaging
Vitamin E
Antioxidant synthesized from glucose
Vitamin D
Which requires the least amount of protein?
6 month old Siamese
3 month old Chihuahua
5 year old pregnant Balinese
7 year old English Springer Spaniel with a broken leg
6 year old lactating Newfoundland
5 year old English Bulldog
Higher EFA = Higher Biological value
Function is to store glucose in liver and muscle
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Liver
Agglomerates
Spleen
Please check mark all of the following that would require carbohydrates
3 month old kitten
Pregnant dog
3 year old Siamese
8 year old Chinese Crested dog
Which is not a micro-nutrient?
Vitamins
Minerals
Which is not a macro-nutrient?
Carbs
Which is made in the body?
Essential amino acids
Non-essential amino acids
Which is least likely to occur with a lack of taurine?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Retinal atrophy
Inability to become pregnant
Heinz body anemia
Which is higher in Biological value?
Meat
Plants
Companies are well known for putting more protein in their food than required
Carbs have _____
Same energy amount as protein
More energy than protein
Less energy than protein
Neither give energy
After fructose is broken down, what happens?
Glucose absorbed in blood stream, fructose to liver
Fructose to blood stream, glucose to liver
Both fructose and glucose go to the bloodstream
Fructose and glucose both go to the liver
Both excreted through kidneys and does not store
Carbohydrate metabolism in the mouth begins with?
Amylase
Lipase
Trypase
All of the above
Cooking carbohydrates make them less digestible so it is not recommended
Low fiber diet works for all of the following EXCEPT
Pregnancy
Growth
Weight control and reduction
Lactation
Which is not true of fat?
Increases palatability
Increases caloric density
Required for vitamins A, D, K, E to work
Not recommended since tumors can use them for energy
Broken down into fatty acids
The adult diet for a cat will start when?
1 year
2 years
6 months
9 months
What is the most common nutritional problem
Obesity
Hepatic lipidosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Why do you not want to use cows milk for kittens?
Not enough fat or protein
Too much protein or fat
Too much fat, not enough protein
Too much protein, not enogh fat
What is true of the adult diet?
Can feed only intact cats ad lib
Can feed only neutered cats ad lib
Can feed any cat ad lib
What adjustment do you make to the calories after a 1 year old Siamese is spayed?
Decrease calories by 25%
Increase calories by 25%
Increase calories by 55%
Leave calories the same up to 3 years
Decrease calories by 35%-45%
When do you stop feeding kitten food?
1 year old
6 months old
9 months old
After being fixed
What should kittens weigh at birth?
100 grams
150 grams
25 grams
75 grams
125 grams
What is excessive food consumption?
Polyphagia
Dysphagia
Diphagia
Dipophagia
Will not eat anything associated with GI upset
Fixed-food preference
Learned taste preference
Odynophagia
Coprophagia and cannibalism/infanticide is common in cats
Cats and dogs will not starve themselves to death but a full BCS and food change over 5-7 days is recommended
Which needs preformed vitamin A?
Dogs
Cats
What animal can synthesize tryptophan from niacin
Which has a limited ability to use carbs?
Which is a "true carnivore"
Treats should not?
Exceed 10% RER
Exceed 10% MER
Fall below 10% RER
Which should you feed to a large breed mother?
Regular puppy food
Large breed puppy food
Which is not seen with a sodium chloride excess?
Kidney failure
Heart disease
Hypertension
Decreased growth
The loss of ___ can lead to ventroflexion in cats and polyuria
Potassium
Calcium
FE
Sodium chloride
Too much ___ has been proven to worsen kidney diseases and bone loss
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Which is needed in larger amounts?
Microminerals
Macrominerals
Too much calcium is a larger problem with?
Large breeds
Small breeds
A deficiency of ___ can lead to bone marrow malfunction, seizures, muscle weakness
Phosphorous
An excess of Vitamin ____ can lead to long bone fractures, tooth loss, cervical spondylosis
A
D
E
K
An lack of Vitamin ____ can lead to poor growth, weakness, aspermatogenesis, and night blindness
B
Dogs cannot convert beta carotene into vitamin A
Which is not a fat soluble vitamin
A lack of Vitamin _____ can lead to osteomalacia and rickets
A decrease in Vitamin ____ can cause hypercalecemia, soft tissue mineralization in arteries and lunsg
Is not technically a vitamin and is an antioxidant for wound healing
C
Death can occur at ___ water loss
5%
8%
15%
10%
Water is the most important water producing nutrient
A cat that eats 220kcal of dry food is likely to need how much water each day?
110 ml
150 ml
220 ml
440 ml
240 ml
Water is most important for?
How do you prevent rancidity of food?
Add Vitamin D
Add Vitamin K
Add Vitamin C
Add Vitamin A
Add Vitamin E
A deficiency in linoleic acid may cause all of the following EXCEPT;
Weight loss
Immunodeficiency
Aspermatogenesis
Poor hair coat
Which secretes lipase to break down lipids to fatty acids?
Gall bladder
Kidneys
Which secretes bile acids to emulsify lipids?
Small intestine
Which is not a macromineral?
Chloride
Iron
Binds and transports oxygen
Sodium
Involved in acid-base balance
Both of the above
What is not an EFA for dogs?
Linoleic acid
Alpha-linoleic acid
Arachidonic acid
Are cats prone to skeletal disorders from phosphorus and calcium
Yes
No
Catnip causes a reaction in ___ of cats
50%
90%
70%
100%
Kidney disease wont show until___of kidney function is lost?
25%
75%
6%
Which is used for the cats to help with plaque?
sodium hexametaphoshate
Sodium polyphosphate
Elimination trials last for?
2 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
What is the #1 allergy source in food?
Beef
Dairy
Fish
Lamb
The housing for a 18 day kitten should be?
85 degrees
80 degrees
90 degrees
100 degrees
When a cat first becomes a senior, they are how old?
5 year old
7 year old
10 years old
12 years old
Obesity declines as an animal is 7 years old
Which is the most common in food?
Monoglyceride
Diglyceride
Triglyceride
Which is the highest water ratio?
Dry food
Semi-moist
Wet Food
In Gravy
What makes up ash in the diet?
Calories
Which has the largest intestine size?
Herbivores
Carnivores
A 1 week old kitten would be called?
Pediatric
Juvenile
Neonate
It is acceptable to change food right away
As the animal grows, you add zinc and fiber but cut back on fat and calories
Who needs taurine?
Cat
Dog
For cats, start the gestation/lactation diet when?
2 weeks after gestation
3 weeks before gestation
After you notice signs
1 month after gestation
A cat is likely to get
Feline idiopathic cystitis
UTI
Which combats metabolic acidosis
Omega 3
Omega 6
What would you use for a cat that is allergic to duck protein and turkey?
Bear protein
Salmon protein
Tuna protein
Trout protein
Hydrolyzed protein is used for animals with allergic reactions because of:
Low molecular weight
High molecular weight
Is a protein not normally found in food like lamb
Which is not a sign of food allergy?
Vomiting
Non seasonal pruritus
Unilateral otitis
diarrhea
You should warm formula up to 100 degrees to avoid aspiration pneumonia
Milk should be?
Squeezed
Sucked
It is acceptable to feed a kitten diet to a nursing queen
Who eats less meals per day?
Who does not have amylase in their mouth?
DHA and EPA both are highly recommended for patients with arthritis
Colostrum is complete and balanced must must be ingested within 48 hours
Most abundant mineral in the body
An excess of ___ can lead to urinary crystals and stones
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism can be a result of not enough ___ in the diet
Glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver to be converted to fat and is stored all throughout the body
Also called trace mineals
As dogs get older, you should do?
Decrease calories
Increase calories
Has power to shut down manufacturing facility or distribution center if ti becomes contaminated
USDA
FDA
AAFCO
Inspections for pet food manufactures
No regulatory authority and defines feed ingredients/wording for pet food labels
Cats should be spayed at?
3 months
What measures nitrogen content
Carbon and nitrogen
Cats need arachidonic acid more than dogs do
Which vitamin is excreted the fastest and is transported via water?
Decrease of Vitamin E can lead to myopathy
Good for pets prone to bloat or diabetes
Feed restricted
Time restricted
Free choice feeding
80% of food eaten used for energy
Used as structured components of organs and tissues. Also functions as enzymes, hormones, carriers of other molecules.
Vitamin C and D
Makes up much of the skeleton and teeth, also needed for muscles, nerves, and blood clotting. Acts as cellular messenger.
Helps maintain osmolality of extracellular fluid and is involved in acid-base regulation.
Carbohydratse
Regulates body water and acid/base balance, also helps maintain electrical potential in muscle, nerves, and other tissue
In food, chloride is typically combined with what mineral?
If a dog seems to be ill, feel free to give supplement with vitamins
Unused protein is filtered through liver and kidneys
Used for all membrane synthesis/skin/protection of viscera and brain signaling, coat, temperature regulation, immune system and inflammation
Lipids
Most food has?
Short chain fatty acids
Medium chain fatty acids
Long chain fatty acids
Palatability is?
How good the food tastes
How digestible the food is
Vitamin C is not necessary
Which vitamin regulates absorption and mobilization of calcium in the body?
Check BCS weekly!
What are most commonly growing issues in large breeds
Overfeeding
Underfeeding
Dry food is?
10% water
25% water
50% water
5% water
The body is...
70% water
90% water
100% water
How many minerals essential for cats and dogs?
5
10
7
12
Dogs are?
Omnivores
True carnivores
Something essential that a plant or animal obtains from the environment that is needed for growth and maintenance of life is a nutrient
Regulates body water and acid/base balance, also helps maintain electrical potential in muscle, nerves, and other tissue.
sodium
chloride
potassium
calcium
Fatty stool and gray/stinky is?
Melena
Steatorrhea
Fiber are not pre-biotics because they are fermented in the small intestine
Formation and maintenance of epithelium. Also vision, growth, reproduction, and immunity.
Food is given 2-3 times a day for felines to help maintain body weight, at which time water is also offered then taken away when the food is