HUBS191-Musculoskeletal system

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Question 1 of 100

The four basic types of tissue are...? (check all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Cardiac
Skeletal
Muscle
Smooth
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective
Ependymal

Explanation

Question 2 of 100

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The cells of tissue tend to be widely separated from each other. The large amounts of are found in these . Loose connective tissue keeps and epithelial in place while connective tissue forms both and tendons. tissue (fat) is also connective tissue. , bone and are also kinds of connective tissue.

Explanation

Question 3 of 100

The main role of connective tissue in the body is to transport substances, and provide structure and support.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 4 of 100

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tissue is arranged next to one another and there is little . The tissue protects outer surfaces (our skin) and is lines .

Explanation

Question 5 of 100

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Select one of the following:

long and short
compact and cancellous/spongy
flat and short bones
compact and soft
diaphysis and epiphysis

Explanation

Question 6 of 100

Long bones are wider than they are long

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 7 of 100

Carpal bones are what type of bone?

Select one of the following:

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones

Explanation

Question 8 of 100

Metacarpals are in which type of bone class?

Select one of the following:

long
short
flat
irregular

Explanation

Question 9 of 100

The scapula bone is a __________.

Select one of the following:

long bone
short bone
flat bone
irregular bone

Explanation

Question 10 of 100

What type of bone is in this picture?

Select one of the following:

long
short
flat
irregular

Explanation

Question 11 of 100

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

Select one of the following:

Axial and appendicular
Axial and biaxial
Central and anterior
anterior and interior

Explanation

Question 12 of 100

How many bones are there for the cervical division in the vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 100

How many bones are there for the Thoracic division in the vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 100

How many bones are there for the lumbar division in the vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 100

Flexion is in the ___________ plane.

Select one of the following:

sagittal plane
transverse plane
median plane
coronal plane
lateral plane

Explanation

Question 16 of 100

Extension is in the ________ plane.

Select one of the following:

sagittal
transverse
medial
coronal
lateral

Explanation

Question 17 of 100

How many ribs make up the ribcage?

Select one of the following:

10 paired ribs; 20 in total
12 paired ribs; 24 in total
15 paired ribs; 30 in total
16 paired ribs; 32 in total

Explanation

Question 18 of 100

Which bone does the clavicle articulate with?

Select one of the following:

sternum
scapula
ribs
humerus

Explanation

Question 19 of 100

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

It is possible to palpate the whole length of the clavicle because it is more and no is covering it.

Explanation

Question 20 of 100

Why bone does the scapula articulate with?

Select one of the following:

clavicle
pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle
humerus

Explanation

Question 21 of 100

What bone is this?

Select one of the following:

humerus
femur
tibia
fibula

Explanation

Question 22 of 100

what bone is pictured at the top?

Select one of the following:

humerus
tibia
fibula
femur

Explanation

Question 23 of 100

What bone is this?

Select one of the following:

humerus
tibia
fibula
femur

Explanation

Question 24 of 100

How many carpal bones are on the hand?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 25 of 100

How many metacarpals are in the hand?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 26 of 100

How many phalanges are in the hand?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 27 of 100

How many tarsals are in a foot?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 28 of 100

How many metatarsals are in the foot?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 29 of 100

How many phalanges are in a toe of a foot (other than the big toe)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 30 of 100

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An epicondyle is a on the part of a bone serving for the attachment of muscles and .

Explanation

Question 31 of 100

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The forearm is defined as the region from to . The forearm has two bones, the and .

Explanation

Question 32 of 100

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Bones are made of tissue; they consist of cells embedded in an . Bones begin as preforms in infancy and as we age. Because bones are and contain cells, they have the ability to adapt and .

Explanation

Question 33 of 100

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The of a bone is different from other types of tissue as it only consists of of organic material and of material

Explanation

Question 34 of 100

What type of cell in the cellular component of the bone build the extracellular matrix?

Select one of the following:

osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
osteocyotes

Explanation

Question 35 of 100

What type of cell in the cellular component of the bone break down the extracellular matrix?

Select one of the following:

osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes
osteocyotes

Explanation

Question 36 of 100

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The outer surface of bone is covered and protected by the , a fine sheet of tissue. There are small holes in the periosteum called . The foraminae allow blood vessels and to pass into the bone and the cells. Osteocytes are found in living spaces called , trapped in sheets of known as . Each lamellae is made up of fibres that are in a specific direction. Bone has many of lamellae and their fibres run in many different directions, so bone is resistant to in many directions. Lamellae arrange themselves into -shaped structures known as .

Explanation

Question 37 of 100

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A , through which blood vessels and pass, runs down the middle of an . Blood and nerves penetrate into the to supply the through channels called that connects to the lacunae to the central canal and to each other. These allow delivery of nutrients and of wastes.

Explanation

Question 38 of 100

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In the middle of shafts of long bones is a cavity in which the bone marrow is found: the . Lining this is a fine sheet of connective tissue called .

Explanation

Question 39 of 100

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Cancellous bone is comprised of the same tissue as compact bone but it is arranged quit differently. form struts of bone known as , which interconnect to form a or sponge-like structure. is found between the trabeculae. Trabeculae are thinner than , so osteocytes can communicate with each other and with nerves and blood vessels directly.

Explanation

Question 40 of 100

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Bone growth first occurs in the ; as the bone develops, more is formed from the center towards the of bones. Then, blood vessels grow into the bone and are reshaped by s so that the central cavity contains bone marrow.

Explanation

Question 41 of 100

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Osteocytes reside in .

Explanation

Question 42 of 100

Which fracture occurs when the bone breaks completely into two but there is no penetration of the skin, and very little damage to the surrounding soft tissue?

Select one of the following:

closed
open
greenstick
anterior

Explanation

Question 43 of 100

What type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks and pierces the skin, and results in serious soft tissue damage (the bone rips through muscles)? *greatly increases the possibility of infection as the bone is exposed.

Select one of the following:

closed
open
greenstick
anterior

Explanation

Question 44 of 100

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Thickening, or addition of the bone, occurs at the surface, and bone is removed or resorbed (by ) at the surface.

Explanation

Question 45 of 100

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Osteoclasts remove bone by releasing and . Enzymes break down the of the bone tissue, and acid breaks down the .

Explanation

Question 46 of 100

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In the first stage of fracture repair, broken blood vessels lead to a formation of a (a soft ), which takes 0 to days to form. grow into the haematoma. (white blood cells) engulf the .

Explanation

Question 47 of 100

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In stage 2 of a fracture repair, the next days to weeks, arrive through the and begin producing fibres to form a matrix of collagen. Some of these fibroblasts differentiate into . They then form a that splints the bone ends together and movement.

Explanation

Question 48 of 100

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In stage 3 of bone fracture repair, which is during the next to weeks, transform the fibrocartilage callus () into a .

Explanation

Question 49 of 100

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In stage 4 of fracture repair, the bone is completely and converts callus into more organized structure of bone tissue, and refashioning the bone into its original shape. This starts to happen to months after initial fracture has occurred, but it may take years to completely .

Explanation

Question 50 of 100

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The lower the congruence, the more .

Explanation

Question 51 of 100

The overall function of a tendon is to restrict movement. and keep structures stable.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 52 of 100

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Chondrocytes are a cell; a former that has become enclosed in a in the cartilage matrix.

Explanation

Question 53 of 100

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Cartilage is (contains no blood vessels), so and oxygen must diffuse through the to nourish the , so it takes a long time for cartilage to heal after an and it can never grow very thick.

Explanation

Question 54 of 100

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Hyaline cartilage is and contains fibres arranged randomly throughout the . This arrangement traps and makes hyaline cartilage appear smooth. It has less and more than fibrocartilage. It covers the surfaces of bones, and also allows bone surfaces involved with a joint to move against one another and with little friction.

Explanation

Question 55 of 100

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The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of fibres embedded in ground substances. are spread throughout the . The collagen is densely packed in , which makes the DFCT extremely good at resisting . DFCT is partially , it takes a long time for it to repair, but not as long as cartilage.

Explanation

Question 56 of 100

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The shape of ends of involved in the determines the amount and type of possible at the joint. For example, the head of the allows a wide range of at the , and its deep with the hip gives the joint stability.

Explanation

Question 57 of 100

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Articular cartilage covers the bones where they and promotes a surface.

Explanation

Question 58 of 100

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In a synovial joint, the thickenings of capsule form the ligaments. These reinforce joints and movement where it is not . For example, the capsular ligaments at the knee joint are called ligaments and prevent and abduction.

Explanation

Question 59 of 100

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The ligaments of a synovial joint may be divided into capsular ligaments (those that lie outside the capsule), ligaments (those that are thickened and parts of the capsule) and -capsular ligaments (those that lie within the capsule).

Explanation

Question 60 of 100

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The hinge joint is a bone joint in which the surfaces are to each other in such a manner as to permit motion only in plane. It permits motion back and forth like a . This joint creates movement of and extension. An example of a hinge joint are the joints in the .

Explanation

Question 61 of 100

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One type of a synovial joint, is a joint, which is . This joint allows for and pronation. An example includes the joints (both proximal and ).

Explanation

Question 62 of 100

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The saddle joint is and creates movements such as flexion & and also abduction & , which ultimately causes . An example of this joint is joint at the base of the .

Explanation

Question 63 of 100

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The ellipsoid joint is and causes flexion, , adduction, and . An example is the joint which is located in the .

Explanation

Question 64 of 100

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The plane joint is and causes sliding/. The and intertarsal joints, which are between carpal and bones, are an example.

Explanation

Question 65 of 100

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Ball and socket joints are , and therefore can cause , abduction, , extension, circumduction and . An examples include the joint and the shoulder joint.

Explanation

Question 66 of 100

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The three types of tissue involved in the structure of a muscle are the , perimysium and endomysium. The epimysium is a layer of connective tissue that wraps around the whole muscle. The wraps around the fascicles inside the muscle. The wraps around each . All of these tissues will eventually connect to one another and form a that connects the skeletal muscle to the . Therefore, the layers of connective tissue support the muscle and transmit the of contraction to the bones.

Explanation

Question 67 of 100

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Each skeletal muscle is comprised of and each fascicle is made up of muscle cells called . Myocytes are long , skinny and cells and are multi-. They are made of , which are made up of . Myofilaments come in two different varieties: filament of myosin and filament of . The myosin and actin proteins are arranged in a contractile units called and work together to produce muscle .

Explanation

Question 68 of 100

Muscle is striated because....

Select one of the following:

the thin and thick filaments are contractile units that cause muscle contraction
sarcomeres are arranged end on end along the myofibril
the Z lines are placed at regular intervals
the thick myosin filaments pull on the thin actin filaments during contraction.

Explanation

Question 69 of 100

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The boundaries of sarcomeres are marked by -lines. These are placed at intervals along the , and anchor the thin filaments together. The myosin filament lies in the of the sarcomere. During muscle contraction, the thick myosin filaments on the thin actin filaments, causing the to slide over the . This draws Z lines together and shortens the .

Explanation

Question 70 of 100

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The size of a motor unit can vary. A small motor unit enables control as each only causes the contraction of a small number of . Small motor units are therefore found in muscles that move eyes and fingers. Large motor units are found in areas where fine control is not found, such as the maximus.

Explanation

Question 71 of 100

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Activation of motor units is an 'all' or 'nothing' response: either all the innervated will contract, or none of them will. However, whole muscles can contract with different amounts of . The force of contraction depends on the number of motor units, the of potentials arriving at the motor unit and the of the motor unit.

Explanation

Question 72 of 100

The muscle is active and develops tension, and shortening of sarcomeres follows. This leads to the whole muscle shortening and therefore a change in joint position. What type of muscle action is this?

Select one of the following:

isometric
eccentric
concentric

Explanation

Question 73 of 100

The muscle is active and develops tension, but there is no change in sarcomere length. The muscle itself does not change in length, and there is no change in joint positions. What muscle action is this?

Select one of the following:

isometric
concentric
eccentric

Explanation

Question 74 of 100

The muscle is active and develops tension, and the lengthening of the sarcomeres follows. This leads to the whole muscle lengthening, and therefore a change in joint position. Which type of muscle action is this?

Select one of the following:

isometric
concentric
eccentric

Explanation

Question 75 of 100

A muscle that is creating a movement by contracting concentrically. Which muscle role is this?

Select one of the following:

agonist
antagonist
stabilizer
neutralizer

Explanation

Question 76 of 100

A muscle that is opposing a movement by contracting eccentrically. Which muscle role is this?

Select one of the following:

agonist
antagonist
stabilizer
neutralizer

Explanation

Question 77 of 100

A muscle that is holding a joint still by contracting isometrically. What type of muscle role is this?

Select one of the following:

agonist
antagonist
stabilizer
neutralizer

Explanation

Question 78 of 100

A muscle that eliminates the unwanted movement, so that another movement may occur. What type of muscle role is this?

Select one of the following:

agonist
antagonist
neutralizer
stabilizer

Explanation

Question 79 of 100

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

If the muscle is to the joint, concentric action will produce flexion.

Explanation

Question 80 of 100

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If a muscle is to the joint, concentric action will cause extension.

Explanation

Question 81 of 100

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If a muscle is lateral to the joint, concentric action will produce .

Explanation

Question 82 of 100

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If the muscle is to the joint, concentric action will produce adduction.

Explanation

Question 83 of 100

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The is the variable that the system is trying to keep the same. The is the optimal target for the variable to be at. The is the range of acceptable limits of that variable.

Explanation

Question 84 of 100

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can either be positive or negative. A loop causes an increase in response (stretch in giving birth), where as a negative loop causes a decrease in response (change in temperature).

Explanation

Question 85 of 100

What is the receptor that detects a change in a controlled variable?

Select one or more of the following:

sensor
control/integration center
effector
feedforward

Explanation

Question 86 of 100

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The compares the change in the to the set point and elicits an appropriate response.

Explanation

Question 87 of 100

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The uses mechanisms to bring about change in the controlled variable, according to information received from the .

Explanation

Question 88 of 100

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is when a sensor senses a in the controlled variable and immediately effects a change to resist it, bypassing the integration center (anticipation). Usually is complimentary to , so any mistakes can be fixed, or response can be exaggerated. An example of this is gag reflex.

Explanation

Question 89 of 100

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Flexion and extension occur on the . Abduction and adduction occur on the .

Explanation

Question 90 of 100

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bone has a high surface area to mass ratio, as it is less than compact bone. The main functional unit is the , which are aligned towards the distribution of mechanical force on the bone, helping to absorb the . Often found in the of the bone.

Explanation

Question 91 of 100

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originate from osteoblasts once they become trapped in the . Their function is to maintain tissue. Osteoblasts originate from cells and are found in areas of growth. Their function is to secrete bone . Osteoclasts originate from and their function is to bone tissue during the remodeling and healing of bone.

Explanation

Question 92 of 100

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Each lacunae is connected to one another via .

Explanation

Question 93 of 100

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A fracture occurs when bone tissue is broken as a result of external force. Bone tissue is highly vascularized and so there is often a lot of associated with the injury. Bone tissue also has an extensive supply which is why there is a lot of pain involved with a fracture. The first stage is , which is when a blood clot forms around the site of injury to stop excessive bleeding. This is important because excessive blood leads to death and reparative cells arrive to the site of injury through . A process known as then occurs to increase supply to the fracture. arrive from the blood capillaries and clean up the dead tissue and debris. After that, stage 2 occurs when the callus forms. arrive at the site of injury where they differentiate into . The chondrocytes secrete a matrix forming a fibrocartilaginous callus (this callus is soft because it is made up of cartilage, not bone). Stage three is when the callus forms; the turn fibrocartilaginous callus into a hard boney callus is a process known as ossification. The last stage is when and osteoblasts work together to remodel the bone into its normal .

Explanation

Question 94 of 100

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Fibrocartilage are high quantities of bundles aligned towards the or pressure. Main function is to resist . Found where some movement is required but is also needed, for example the of the knee joint.

Explanation

Question 95 of 100

This structure in a synovial joint is found at points of articulation within the joint. This acts to facilitate frictionless movement between the two bones.

Select one of the following:

articular cartilage
capsular ligament
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
intra-capsular
extra-capsular

Explanation

Question 96 of 100

A ___________ surrounds the joint, which is thicker where support is required and thinner where movement is required.

Select one of the following:

articular cartilage
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
capsular ligament
intra-capsular

Explanation

Question 97 of 100

What provides the articular cartilage with nutrients and lubricates the synovial joint?

Select one of the following:

synovial membrane
synovial fluid
capsular ligament

Explanation

Question 98 of 100

what does the synovial membrane do?

Select one of the following:

secretes synovial fluid
surrounds joint where support is required
resists compression

Explanation

Question 99 of 100

Which of the following is the correct order?

Select one of the following:

fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, myofibrils, myofilaments
fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, myofilaments, myofibrils
fascia, endomysium, perimysium, epipmysium, myofibrils, myofilaments
fascia, perimysium, epimysium, perimysium, myofibrils, myofilaments

Explanation

Question 100 of 100

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Muscle form depends on three factors:

1) Length of muscle fibres: muscle fibres = larger .

2) Number of muscle fibres: higher number of fibres means more can be generated, thus more strength

3) Arrangement of muscle fibres: Fibres can be parallel or .

Explanation

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	Created by Sophia Pi about 8 years ago

Quiz on HUBS191-Musculoskeletal system, created by Sophia Pi on 22/05/2016.

HUBS191-Musculoskeletal system

HUBS191-Musculoskeletal system

Question 1 of 100

The four basic types of tissue are...? (check all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 100

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The cells of tissue tend to be widely separated from each other. The large amounts of are found in these . Loose connective tissue keeps and epithelial in place while connective tissue forms both and tendons. tissue (fat) is also connective tissue. , bone and are also kinds of connective tissue.

Explanation

Question 3 of 100

The main role of connective tissue in the body is to transport substances, and provide structure and support.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 100

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

tissue is arranged next to one another and there is little . The tissue protects outer surfaces (our skin) and is lines .

Explanation

Question 5 of 100

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 100

Long bones are wider than they are long

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 100

Carpal bones are what type of bone?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 100

Metacarpals are in which type of bone class?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 100

The scapula bone is a __________.

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Question 10 of 100

What type of bone is in this picture?

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Question 11 of 100

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

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Question 12 of 100

How many bones are there for the cervical division in the vertebrae?

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Question 13 of 100

How many bones are there for the Thoracic division in the vertebrae?

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Question 14 of 100

How many bones are there for the lumbar division in the vertebrae?

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Question 15 of 100

Flexion is in the ___________ plane.

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Question 16 of 100

Extension is in the ________ plane.

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Question 17 of 100

How many ribs make up the ribcage?

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Question 18 of 100

Which bone does the clavicle articulate with?

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Question 19 of 100

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

It is possible to palpate the whole length of the clavicle because it is more and no is covering it.

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Question 20 of 100