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Lecture 3, VMRCVM Wildlife Medicine class, c/o 2016.

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Important Infectious Diseases of North American Wild Mammals

Question 1 of 18

1

Which of the following are the three biggest reservoir species for Rabies in VA?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Bats

  • Raccoons

  • Foxes

  • Skunks

  • Rodents

  • Domestic animals

Explanation

Question 2 of 18

1

Identifying the Rabies serotype variants can be important in terms of:

Select one of the following:

  • Vaccine protocol, as the rabies vaccines are not cross-protective.

  • Treatment protocol, as some variants are curable while the others are invariable fatal.

  • Investigating the source of human exposure.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 3 of 18

1

The incubation period of rabies is:

Select one of the following:

  • 1-3 days

  • 1-3 months

  • 1-3 hours

  • 1-5 days

Explanation

Question 4 of 18

1

Diagnosis of rabies is achieved via: (select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Histopathology identifying the presence of Negri bodies in neurons

  • An ELISA test looking for serum antibodies

  • Clinical signs alone, as these are pathognomonic for rabies

  • Fluorescent antibody tests

Explanation

Question 5 of 18

1

______ appear refractory to the oral vaccines administered to wildlife.

Select one of the following:

  • Raccoons

  • Skunks

  • Bats

  • Foxes

Explanation

Question 6 of 18

1

Canine distemper is caused by:

Select one of the following:

  • A rhabdovirus

  • A morbilivirus from the family Paramyxoviridae

  • Exposure to periods of extreme heat or cold

  • A combined infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida

Explanation

Question 7 of 18

1

Canine distemper is an important disease for grey foxes more than it is for red foxes.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 18

1

For a raccoon that is out in the middle of the day, you're number one diagnosis would be _____, and your number 2 diagnosis would be _____

Select one of the following:

  • Rabies; Sarcoptic Mange

  • Rabies; Canine Distemper

  • Canine Distemper; Rabies

  • Sarcoptic Mange; Rabies

Explanation

Question 9 of 18

1

There are 4 major body systems associated with canine distemper. Which are they?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Reproductive

  • Respiratory

  • GI

  • Urinary

  • Nervous system

  • Skin

Explanation

Question 10 of 18

1

Which of the following is true regarding the pathogenesis of canine distemper? Select all that apply.

Select one or more of the following:

  • The incubation period is 14-18 days

  • The incubation period is 6-8 months

  • The virus replicates in respiratory lymphatic tissue

  • The virus replicates in peripheral axons of the PNS

  • Spread to other tissues is often through the lymphatic channels

  • Spread to other tissues is often hematogenous

Explanation

Question 11 of 18

1

Like rabies, vaccination protocols for canine distemper in wildlife consist of dropping baits laced with oral vaccine in highly prevalent areas.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 18

1

Like distemper, sarcoptic mange generally affects grey foxes moreso than red foxes.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 18

1

Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange can be made via: (select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • The classic signs of alopecia, flaky fetid material in fur, and thickening of the skin, which may not be pathognomonic but are highly suggestive

  • Visualization of morulae on peripheral blood smears

  • Visualization of the Sarcoptes scabiei on skin scrapings

  • Heavy profliferation of foot pad skin is pathognomonic for mange

Explanation

Question 14 of 18

1

The serotypes capable of causing hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer include: (select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • BT2

  • BT10

  • BT11

  • BT13

  • BT17

Explanation

Question 15 of 18

1

Hemorrhagic disease occurs most often during late summer to early fall. This is due mostly to

Select one of the following:

  • Breeding season, which increases contact time for infected deer.

  • Food competition, which increases contact time for infected deer.

  • This is the life span of the culicoides species that transmits the disease.

  • None of the above are correct.

Explanation

Question 16 of 18

1

Hemorrhagic disease is the most problematic disease of white-tailed deer.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 18

1

This clinical finding would lead you to suspect hemorrhagic disease above any other:

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary edema

  • Hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery

  • Edema of the head, neck, tongue, and conjunctiva

  • Oral cyanosis

Explanation

Question 18 of 18

1

Wild carnivores are generally infected by tuberculosis following which of the general routes of "spillover"?

Select one of the following:

  • Cattle -> wild deer -> carnivores

  • Wild deer -> cattle -> culicoides -> carnivores

  • Cattle -> wild deer -> culicoides -> carnivores

  • None of the above, carnivores are naturally infected with tuberculosis.

Explanation

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