Complete the general formula of alkanes (where n = number of carbon atoms).

Complete the general formula of alkenes (where n = number of carbon atoms).

How is carbon monoxide formed in an engine? [1]

State how nitrogen oxides are produced in the engine [2]

Explain why there is concern about the carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels such as petrol [2]

Scientists’ predictions of earthquakes are often ignored. Suggest four reasons [4]

What did Wegener mean by ‘continental drift’?

Suggest what ’mantle dynamics’ is and state what causes ‘mantle dynamics’ [2]

Describe how activity within the Earth results in earthquakes [3]

Describe how lavender oil is separated from plant material [4]

Describe a test to show that olive oil contains unsaturated compounds (they might say ‘contains double bonds’ or ‘contains an alkene’ instead). Give the results of the test [2]

To change olive oil into margarine, you need to decrease the % unsaturated fat in the oil. Give one reason why.

How do you decrease the % of unsaturated fat in olive oil (or they might say increase the amount of saturation or say turn it into margarine [3]

These oils can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen. Does this make the oil healthier or not. Explain your answer [2]

Describe the conditions used to produce an alkene from an alkane [2]

Describe the conditions to produce an alcohol from an alkene. [2]

Describe a test to show that carbon dioxide is produced in this reaction. Give the result of the test. [2]

Give two reasons why the percentage of carbon dioxide decreased in the Earth’s early atmosphere. [3]

Limestone is heated to make calcium oxide.
Calcium oxide reacts with a substance to produce calcium hydroxide.
Name the substance. [1]

Calcium hydroxide reacts with a substance to produce calcium carbonate.
Name the substance. [1]

Buildings made from limestone are affected by the products from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur. Explain why. [2]

What is made when a fuel (eg. methane) burns completely? [2]

A liquid mixture like salad dressing does not separate. Explain why not, you may include a diagram to help you to answer this question. [3]

Give two advantages of using phytomining to extract a metal ore compared to the traditional method of extracting the ore. [2]

Suggest one disadvantages of using phytomining compared to a more traditional method. [1]

Describe the steps involved in the fractional distillation of crude oil. [3]

What are alkanes? [3]

Describe how volcanic activity leads to the formation of oceans [2]

How do earthquakes occur? [3]

An atmosphere of argon is often used in reactions involving titanium. Explain why. [2]

Poly(ethene) molecules are made from ethene molecules by a polymerisation
reaction.
Describe what happens in a polymerisation reaction. [2]

Which electrode do metal ions eg copper ions move to?

Alloys are used to make the ballpoint pen.
Give two reasons why alloys are used instead of pure metals to make some objects. [2]

What is locked up carbon dioxide? [2]