The DSM-5 criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance must be less than
a. one day.
b. one week.
c. one month.
d. Six months.
47. The case of Arthur (described in your textbook), who suddenly experienced the delusion that he could save all the starving children in the world with a “secret plan,” but whose symptoms lasted only a few days, was diagnosed with
a. schizotypal personality disorder.
b. folie à deux (shared psychotic disorder).
c. brief psychotic disorder.
d. cocaine abuse.
38. Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to schizophrenica symptoms, she also has symptoms of
a. an anxiety disorder.
b. a mood disorder.
c. a split personality.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
39. In which of the following disorders are hallucinations and delusions NOT part of the symptom pattern?
a. Schizotypal personality disorder
b. Schizoaffective disorder
c. Schizophreniform disorder
d. Brief psychotic disorder
Antoinette believes that her brother is not really her brother and that he has, in fact, been replaced by a double. This is known as _______________ syndrome.
a. Capgras
b. Cotard
c. Barlow
d. Durand
19. Which of the following defines Cotard syndrome?
a. A familiar person is actually a double.
b. You are a famous or important person.
c. People are out to get you.
d. One is actually dead.
Tardive dyskinesia, a severe side effect of antipsychotic medications, includes all of the following involuntary movements EXCEPT
a. chewing.
b. puffing of the cheeks.
c. tongue protrusion.
d. grinding of the teeth.
Tardive dyskinesia, a condition that can occur in patients who take antipsychotic medications,
a. can result from short-term use.
b. can result from low doses.
c. occurs in less than 2% of patients.
d. may often be irreversible.
68. Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her, but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say, “Don’t you love me anymore?” This is an example of
a. a schizophrenogenic mother.
b. double-bind communication.
c. expressed emotion.
d. none of the above
76. Though no longer used, the word schizophrenogenic was first proposed in the 1940s to describe
a. an abusive and alcoholic father whose child became schizophrenic.
b. an emotionally distant mother whose child became schizophrenic.
c. divorced parents who had several psychotic children.
d. a family in which relatives on both sides were psychotic.
Research studies on the genetic basis of schizophrenia have focused on high-risk individuals including all of the following EXCEPT
a. healthy twins of schizophrenic patients.
b. adopted children of schizophrenic parents.
c. family members or relatives of schizophrenics.
d. children adopted by schizophrenic mothers.
73. Schizophrenia appears to be more frequently diagnosed in minorities in a number of countries. An explanation for this is:
a. people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping.
b. it may be the result of misdiagnosis.
c. the levels of stress associated with stigma and isolation.
d. all of the above
Current research suggests that
a. environmental stress may trigger schizophrenia.
b. genes cause schizophrenia.
c. genes carried by a fetus may make it vulnerable to schizophrenia.
d. all of these
Childhood maltreatment or abuse can raise the risk of developing _____.
depression,
personality disorders
anxiety.
schizophrenia and related psychoses
all of the above
Which of the following was the main characteristic of dementia praecox, according to Emil Kraepelin?
a. Silly and immature behavior
b. Mental weakness
c. Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
d. Delusions of grandeur or persecution
The term "schizophrenia" was introduced circa 1908 by a Swiss psychiatrist named
a. Emil Kraepelin.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. Eugen Bleuler.
d. Phillipe Pinel.
Which of the following is the part of Kraepelin’s definition of paranoia?
b. Early madness
9. In the late 1800s, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin made all of the following contributions to our knowledge of schizophrenia EXCEPT
a. distinguished dementia praecox (schizophrenia) from manic-depressive illness.
b. noted that hallucinations, delusions, and negativism were symptoms of dementia praecox (schizophrenia).
c. combined several symptoms of insanity (catatonia, paranoia, hebephrenia) that had usually been viewed as reflecting separate and distinct disorders.
d. conceptualized a treatment for patients with schizophrenia that is still being used today.
8. Which of the following is the definition of dementia praecox?
In the 1800s, physicians studying the disorder we now call schizophrenia used the term ________ because they observed that the onset of symptoms often occurred before adulthood.
a. adolescent insanity
b. folie à deux
c. catatonia previa
d. dementia praecox
According to statistical data, the prevalence of schizophrenia is about ________.
a. .01%
b. 1%
c. 5%
d. 10%
What is the evidence for structural damage in the brains of schizophrenic patients?
a. All schizophrenic patients have smaller ventricles in their brains.
b. In some schizophrenic patients, there is an excess amount of "gray matter" in the cerebral cortex.
c. The majority of schizophrenic patients have enlarged ventricles in their brains.
d. Many schizophrenic patients have increased activity in the frontal lobes of the brain.
Endophenotyping refers to looking for
a. a gene or genes that cause the symptoms or behaviors of schizophrenia.
b. basic processes that contribute to symptoms of the disorder.
c. basic processes that contribute to behaviors of schizophrenia.
Of the various genetic linkage and association studies, the one that seems to be a possible "marker" for schizophrenia involves ____________________.
a. eye-tracking
b. dopamine sites
c. unusual facial features
d. blood type
Given the research on schizophrenia involving the offspring of twins, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT that
a. the child of a schizophrenic identical twin has the same risk (17 percent) of having the disorder as the child of the non-schizophrenic identical twin.
b. the child of a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin has about a 2 percent risk of having the disorder.
c. a mentally healthy individual with a schizophrenic parent cannot pass on a genetic predisposition for the disorder to his or her offspring.
d. an individual can be free from schizophrenia but still be a “carrier.”
57. Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that
a. an individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50 percent) of developing schizophrenia.
b. in family studies of schizophrenia, the genetic influence can be separated from the environmental impact.
c. if one person in a family has a particular subtype of schizophrenia, e.g., paranoid, the other family members inherit a predisposition for that subtype only.
d. the more severe a parent’s schizophrenic disorder, the less likely the children are to develop it.
The Genain quadruplets Nora, Iris, Myra and Hester showed us that
a. The course, symptoms and prognosis of schizophrenia can vary even among quadruplets raised in the same household
b. The course, symptoms and prognosis of schizophrenia can be determined by birth weight
c. Schizophrenia is almost entirely genetic in its etiology
d. Having the same family environment largely ensures the same outcome in schizophrenia
In the 1950s, several drugs provided the first hope that schizophrenia is treatable. They were called
a. anticonvulsants
b. antipsychotics
c. antibiotics
d. neuroleptics
65. Which of the following statements reflects “circumstantial evidence” for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?
a. Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain.
b. Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson’s disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine).
c. The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
d. Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with schizophrenia.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Some people respond well to the newer antipsychotic drugs.
b. The newer antipsychotic drugs show promise for helping patients who were previously unresponsive to medications.
c. Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were no more effective than the older drugs.
d. All of the above
Schizophrenia is associated with “positive symptoms” that include
a. hallucinations and delusions.
b. Good mood.
c. avolition.
d. catatonia.
The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is
a. visual.
b. auditory.
c. tactile.
d. olfactory.
Research using brain imaging techniques has localized auditory hallucinations in the part of the brain called
a. Wernicke’s area.
b. Broca’s area.
c. the occipital lobe.
d. the limbic system.
Which of the following occurs when drugs are administered to patients with schizophrenia?
a. Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) cause an increase in schizophrenic behavior.
b. Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) decrease schizophrenic symptoms.
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
The negative symptom of schizophrenia called avolition is defined as
a. inability to initiate and persist in activities.
b. inability to experience pleasure.
c. lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
d. lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.
Dr. Smith conducted a research study involving schizophrenic adults in which her looked at their facial expressions in home movies taken when they were children. He was trying to determine if the development of schizophrenia could be predicted by facial expressions showing limited emotional reactions. This research study focused on the negative symptom called _________.
a. alogia
b. affective flattening
c. associative splitting
d. emotional effect syndrome
Mort has displayed a number of schizophrenic symptoms. An obvious one was his lack of speech content manifested in nonsensical ramblings and slowed speech response. This symptom is called ______________.
a. anhedonia
b. avolition
c. clanging
d. alogia
The negative schizophrenic symptom called anhedonia is defined as
