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Biology practice questions

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Higher Human Biology - Questions to revise for exam

Question 1 of 41

1

Proteins can be broken down into

Select one of the following:

  • Amino acid

  • Nucleotides

  • Hydrochloric Acid

  • Bases

Explanation

Question 2 of 41

1

What is an allele?

Select one of the following:

  • A variation of a gene

  • A type of gene

  • A mutated cell

  • A characteristic or physcial appearance

Explanation

Question 3 of 41

1

Secondary tumors form because

Select one of the following:

  • Cancer cells divide uncontrollably

  • exposure to radiation

  • cancerous cells do not respond to regulatory signals

  • Cancer cells fail to attach

Explanation

Question 4 of 41

1

Which is not a research value of stem cells

Select one of the following:

  • To study cancer

  • To treat burns

  • To test effectiveness of drugs

  • To study genetic disorders

Explanation

Question 5 of 41

1

A mutation in which type of cell can be passed on to offspring

Select one of the following:

  • Stem Cell

  • Somatic

  • Germline

Explanation

Question 6 of 41

1

What type of enzyme digests dietary fats?

Select one of the following:

  • Lipase

  • Protease

  • Amylase

  • Carbohydrase

  • Nothing

Explanation

Question 7 of 41

1

Germline cells only undergo meiosis

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 41

1

Name the process that makes lactic acid in an athlete's muscles.

Select one of the following:

  • Anaerobic respiration

  • Aerobic respiration

  • Creatine Phospahte

  • Kreb Cycle

Explanation

Question 9 of 41

1

Which statement is not true about enzymes

Select one of the following:

  • any substrate must bind at the active site

  • lower activation energy required for chemical reaction

  • speed up rate of chemical reaction

  • takes part in reaction but remains unchanged

Explanation

Question 10 of 41

1

Which type of enzyme digests protein?

Select one of the following:

  • Protease

  • Amylase

  • Lipase

  • Carbohydrase

Explanation

Question 11 of 41

1

Transcription requires a __________ before the Polymerase can function

Select one of the following:

  • A primer region

  • A promotor

  • A ligase molecule

Explanation

Question 12 of 41

1

During splicing the non-coding regions are removed from the primary transcript. These regions are called

Select one of the following:

  • Exons, and are not found in the mature transcript

  • Exons, and can be found in the mature transcript

  • Introns, and are not found in the mature transcript

  • Introns, and can be found in the mature transcript

Explanation

Question 13 of 41

1

Why is more lactic acid made in the muscles when running at 14 km per hour than when running at 8 km per hour?

Select one of the following:

  • More energy is needed and there is not enough oxygen getting to cells so more anaerobic respiration.

  • The runner needs more energy so food is digested quicker, lactic acid is produced as a byproduct of this.

  • More energy is needed but there is not enough oxygen getting to cells so more aerobic respiration.

Explanation

Question 14 of 41

1

What is meant by a recessive allele?

Select one of the following:

  • Only expressed if dominant allele is not present.

  • Only expressed if dominant allele is present.

  • Only expressived if there is one.

Explanation

Question 15 of 41

1

If a genetic disorder is recessive and sex linked. Then an affected father and a carrier mother

Select one of the following:

  • could only have an affected boy

  • can not have an affected child

  • could only have an affected girl

  • could have an affected boy or girl

Explanation

Question 16 of 41

1

A mRNA triplet of bases is complementary and binds to

Select one of the following:

  • a tRNA codon

  • a tRNA anti-codon

  • a mRNA codon

  • a mRNA anti-codon

Explanation

Question 17 of 41

1

Which gene mutation doesn't result in frameshift

Select one of the following:

  • Substitution

  • Insertion

  • Deletion

Explanation

Question 18 of 41

1

Which type of enzyme digests carbohydrates?

Select one of the following:

  • Protease

  • Carbohydrase

  • Lipase

  • Urine

Explanation

Question 19 of 41

1

During IVF treatment, each fertilised egg cell forms an embryo by cell division.

What is this type of cell division?

Select one of the following:

  • Meiosis

  • Mitosis

  • Cloning

Explanation

Question 20 of 41

1

Genetic material is made up of large molecules of a chemical substance.

What is this chemical substance?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA

  • Amino acid

  • Glucose

  • Bases

Explanation

Question 21 of 41

1

Which is not a type of chromosomal mutation

Select one of the following:

  • Deletion

  • Insertion

  • Duplication

  • Translocation

Explanation

Question 22 of 41

1

In aerobic respiration what molecule removes Hydrogen ions and their associated high energy electrons from only the Kreb cycle

Select one of the following:

  • NAD

  • FAD

  • LAD

  • ATP

Explanation

Question 23 of 41

1

What can be done to overcome the action of a competitive inhibitor?

Select one of the following:

  • Increasing substrate temperature

  • Increasing end product concentration

  • increasing substrate concentration

Explanation

Question 24 of 41

1

Tick each box which is true.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Enzymes are specific for one type of substrate

  • Low affinity attracts substrate to the enzyme

  • substrate binds with enzyme at the binding site causing induced fit

  • When the reaction involves 2 or more substrate orientation of reactants takes place

  • Induced fit lowers the activation energy required for reaction to take place

  • after the reaction, high affinity allows the product to be released

Explanation

Question 25 of 41

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Gene regulation of metabolic pathways occurs when a ( regulator, operator, structural ) gene codes for a repressor molecule which binds to the operator gene causing the structural gene to be switched off and its DNA is not transcribed. In the presence of an inducer molecule the structural gene is switched on as the inducer binds with the repressor molecule making it unable to bind with the operator gene. When the inducer is broken down, the repressor molecule is no longer blocked from combining with the operator gene and the structural gene is switched back off.

Explanation

Question 26 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Gene regulation of metabolic pathways occurs when a regulator gene codes for a repressor molecule which binds to the gene causing the gene to be switched and its DNA is not transcribed. In the presence of an inducer molecule the structural gene is switched as the inducer binds with the molecule making it unable to bind with the operator gene. When the inducer is broken down, the repressor molecule is no longer blocked from combining with the gene and the structural gene is switched back off.

Explanation

Question 27 of 41

1

One gene can only express one protein

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

When there are high levels of ATP or , then these molecules cause feedback inhibition and slow down glycolysis by inhibiting the enzyme

Explanation

Question 29 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

After glycolysis the molecule is converted into Acetyl coenzyme A. This then combines with to form citrate. This citrate is eventually broken back down into in a cycle which sees the enzyme removing ions and high energy and passing them to the coenzyme NAD to form and FAD to form .

Explanation

Question 30 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The gland secretes a liquid containing which maintain the fluid medium at optimum for sperm mobility. The vesicle secretes a liquid rich in to provide energy to the sperm. This liquid also contains which cause the female reproductive tract to which helps the sperm reach the .

Explanation

Question 31 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

In males the hypothalamus secretes a releaser hormone which stimulates the gland to release FSH and . FSH travels in the blood to the tubules where it stimulates sperm production. travels in the bloodstream to the cells where is stimulates the release of . This hormone further sperm production in seminiferous tubules and at concentration levels the pituitary gland.

Explanation

Question 32 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

In females, the pituitary gland releases which stimulates the of a follicle. This follicle releases which stimulates of uterus endometrium. Increased levels of also stimulates the pituitary to release which causes and stimulates the follicle to develop into the corpus . This continues to release oestrogen but now also releases which promotes further development and of endometrium. High levels of progesterone the pituitary gland, until the corpus luteum causing a rapid drop in the ovarian hormones. As the pituitary gland is no longer inhibited the cycle can begin again with the release of .

Explanation

Question 33 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The body has many different types of lymphocytes. Each lymphocyte has an antigen specific to one . When a lymphocyte to stimulated by this antigen binding to its antigen receptor it is said to have been . It responds by repeatedly to form a clonal of identical lymphocytes. This process is called clonal .

Explanation

Question 34 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

cells in the connective tissues release when they are damaged. This chemical causes the blood vessels to increasing blood flow and to become more . This allows phagocytes, attracted by , to arrive quickly at point of injury. It also allows speed delivery of proteins to amplify the response, and blood elements to stimulate coagulation.

Explanation

Question 35 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is also known as programmed cell death. This process is initiated by cells such as Killer Cells and T-lymphocytes. The cell releases a which forms a in the membrane of an infected cell. A molecule is then sent through this pore, and it triggers a genetically controlled series of events which leads to cell death. By turning on genes, suicide are made. These breakdown vital cell and the cells .

Explanation

Question 36 of 41

1

Agonist drugs

Select one of the following:

  • block neurotransmitter receptors

  • breakdown neurotransmitters

  • mimic the action of neurotransmitters

Explanation

Question 37 of 41

1

Antagonist drugs

Select one of the following:

  • binds to receptors blocking the neurotransmitter

  • breakdown the neurotransmitter

  • mimic the action of the neurotransmitter

Explanation

Question 38 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Dopamine stimulates the pathway leading to a feeling of .

Explanation

Question 39 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Endorphins are released in response to physical or emotional or severe . They act as natural by combining with as synapses and the neurotransmitters responsible for transmission of pain signal.

Explanation

Question 40 of 41

1

Which neural pathway allows an impulse to be recycled and stimulate the pre-synaptic neurons (ie for contraction of muscles for breathing)

Select one of the following:

  • diverging

  • converging

  • reverberating

Explanation

Question 41 of 41

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Neurons in the brain can undergo changes. In response to brain , the of new skills and during the development of the brain this ability to alter pathways is called of . When this involves development of new pathways after a stroke is is called plasticity. This is different from plasticity which is the ability of the brain to reflexes or ignore sensory impulses such as .

Explanation

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