Ion Channels - L1

What are the four types of membrane transport used by cells?

Which ion channel is responsible for the plateau phase/prolonged action potential?

At which voltages is the overshoot of an AP at?

List two places where you would see Ca2+ channels in animals?

What feature of an ion channel does the AP correlate with as described by Hodgkin and Huxley?

How does the concentration of ions affect AP?

What is an aquaporin?

What forms the basis of selectivity of the ion channel for passive transport?

What can membrane channels also function as?

Give an example of a disease caused by a malfunction of aquaporin channels

What maintains the ionic gradient across a cell membrane?

What does the pump which maintains the ionic gradient require?

What is the ratio of ions across the Na+/K+ pump?

What type of energy does the Na+/K+ pump store? What is it setting?

What property does the Na+/K+ channel show?

What sets up the Na+/K+ channel?

How do the Na+/K+ pump and voltage gated K+/leak channels relate?

What is the typical range of RMPs?

How is a typical membrane gradient orientated?

What is meant by the electrochemical gradient and equilibrium?

What is capacitance?

What are the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ inside and outside of cells?

What promotes resistance to flow? What can be done to reduce this? Which equation describes this?

What causes a pore to become semi-permeable? What then controls this?

How do local anaesthetics work? What property do they show?

Describe the stages which occur on the way to peak potential of an AP?

What happens after the peak of the AP is reached?

What are the physiological equilibrium potentials of:
1) Na+
2) Ca2+
3) K+
4) Cl-

Describe the Nernst Equation

What values would you use in the Nernst equation? For divalent ions? For anions?

How do membranes store charge?

Describe the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. What does is predict? Which Ions mainly determine this and why?

What values do these markers stand for in Hodgkin and Huxley's numerical model:
1) n?
2) m?
3) h?