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Samruddhi Pahune
Mind Map by , created more than 1 year ago

Mind Map on Kingdom Monera, created by Samruddhi Pahune on 13/03/2016.

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james liew
Created by james liew about 9 years ago
Samruddhi Pahune
Copied by Samruddhi Pahune about 9 years ago
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Meaning they do not have a membrane-boundorganellsAll members of Moneraare prokaryotesCapsule is a dry layer and acts as anextra layer of protectionCell wall protects and prevents the cellfrom expanding and burstingFlagellum allows the cell to moveor swimCell membrane retains the cell contentsand controls what passes in and out ofcellPlasmid is a small loop of DNA that containsgenes (which may cintrol antibioticresistance)DNA contains genes that controlthe cellDOES NOT HAVE ANUCLEUSStructure of BacteriaSpherical-shapedSpiral-shapedRod-shapedTypes ofBacteriaCell division occurs when the cell membrane and cellwall pinch inThe two identical loops of DNA move to opposite endsof the cellThe cell increasesin sizeThe loop of DNA replicatesBinaryFissionBacterial ReproductionAn endospore is a thick and tough-walled dormant anddehydrated bacterial cell formed during unsuitable conditionsOuter coat forms around thecortexA thick wall (cortex) forms aroundenflufed cellThe smaller cell is engulfed bylarger cellCell undergoes asymmetrical binary fission(one cell is larger than the other)Conditions become unfavourable forbacteriumProcess of endosporeformationEndospore formationmake food by converting one chemicalinto anotherChemosynthesismake food using lightenergyPhotosynthesisAutotrophic nutrition is wherethe bacteria produce theirown foodlive on and take in food from deadsourcesSaprophytictake in food from a live host andusually harms the hostParasiticHeterotrophic nutrition is wherebacteria obtain their food andnutrients from other livingorganismsNutrition in BacteriaOnly a measured amount of nutrients areaddedBacteria act on substrate and experiences lag,log andstationary phasesGenerally product is removed beforedecline phaseIt's a simpleprocessIt allows small volumes of productsto formThe micro-organisms grownaturallyAdvantagesBioreactor is sterilised and processstarts againProduct is separated frommicro-organismsBatchProcessingNutrients are constantly added to the bioreactorat the same rate at which the product is withdrawnMicro-organisms are kept at the log phaseof growthProduct is constantly removed from thebioreactorNo time iswastedNo need to sterilise bioreactorso oftenProduct formed morerapidlyAdvantagesBioreactor is left open for inflow of nutrients and outflowof productContinuous -flowProcessingFood Processingare chemicals produced bymicro-organisms that kill orprevent the growth of othermicro-organismsNo effect onvirusesThis one resistant bacterium is then ableto multiplyWhen one bacterium develops amutation that enables it to avoid effectsof an antibioticAntibiotic ResistanceOveruse ofAntibioticsAntibioticsKingdom MoneraDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node