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CNS- Spinal Cord - Anatomy

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Gustavo Sabbado
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CNS- Spinal Cord - Anatomy PMU Year 1/2nd Semester

Question 1 of 41

1

Cells that convey information to the CNS are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • afferent sensory neurons

  • pseudounipolar cells

  • first neuron is the sensory pathway

  • located in the lateral horn of spinal cord

  • with peripheral processes ending on somatic or splanchnic receptor

Explanation

Question 2 of 41

1

Dorsal roots of a spinal nerve:

Select one or more of the following:

  • are formed by the central processes of sensory neurons in the spinal ganglion.

  • enter the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord.

  • convey somatosensory (proprioseptive and visceroseptive) information.

  • are covered with pia mater.

  • take part in the formation of the spinal nerve.

Explanation

Question 3 of 41

1

The ventral roots of a spinal nerve:

Select one or more of the following:

  • convey motor information to the skeletal muscles.

  • exit through the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord.

  • are ensheated with dura mater spinalis.

  • originate from interneurons in the ventral horn.

  • contain autonomic fibers.

Explanation

Question 4 of 41

1

The boundary between spinal cord and medulla oblongata is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • foramen magnum.

  • decussatio pyramidum.

  • exit of the first pair of spinal nerves.

  • exit of the last pair of cranial nerves.

  • cervical enlargement.

Explanation

Question 5 of 41

1

A spinal segment is defined as that region of the spinal cord that

Select one or more of the following:

  • corresponds to a collection of nerves passing up or down within the white matter

  • corresponds to the region of the vertebral column (i.e, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral) to which spinal nerves are sent

  • sends rootlets to a particular spinal nerve

  • underlies the neural arch of a particular vertebra in the adult

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 6 of 41

1

The spinal cord in the adult

Select one or more of the following:

  • usually ends about the level of the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra.

  • has its largest cross sectional area at the level of the lower cervical vertebrae.

  • has an anterior median fissure and a posterior median septum.

  • gives origin to the preganglionic fibers all the parasympathetic nerves.

  • receives its blood supply entirely from the vertebral arteries.

Explanation

Question 7 of 41

1

The white matter of the spinal cord:

Select one or more of the following:

  • contains myelin fibers, non-myelin fibers, and blood vessels.

  • has three columns.

  • has white commissure posteriorly to the gray commissure.

  • has root system and conductive system.

  • is covered with arachnoidea.

Explanation

Question 8 of 41

1

The white matter of the spinal cord:

Select one or more of the following:

  • is located around the gray matter

  • contains two main fascicles along the whole length of the dorsal column

  • contains fasciculi proprii (own bundles)

  • ventral funiculus contains fasciculus interfasciculatus (bundle of Schultze)

  • ventral funiculus is between ventral median fissure and ventral roots

Explanation

Question 9 of 41

1

Grossly the spinal cord presents two swellings which are

Select one or more of the following:

  • cervical and thoracic

  • cervical and lumbar

  • thoracic and lumbar

  • thoracic and sacral

  • lumbar and sacral

Explanation

Question 10 of 41

1

All spinal nerves

Select one or more of the following:

  • are formed by the union of a ventral and dorsal nerve root

  • have a ganglion containing synapses on their dorsal root

  • are named and numbered according to the vertebra below which they emerge

  • receive a grey ramus communicans from the sympathetic nerve trunks

  • gives off a white ramus communicans from the sympathetic nerve trunks

Explanation

Question 11 of 41

1

The cell bodies of the nerve fibres making up the fasciculus gracilis are found in

Select one or more of the following:

  • posterior root ganglia

  • posterior grey horn

  • nucleus gracilis

  • lateral grey horn

  • anterior grey horn

Explanation

Question 12 of 41

1

In the spinal cord

Select one or more of the following:

  • there is more white matter in a cross section of the cervical region than the lumbar region

  • the anterior horns of grey matter are larger in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region

  • the fibres associated with the sensations of pain and temperature form a tract in the anterior columns of white matter

  • descending fibres from the motor areas of the brain are found in the lateral and anterior columns of white matter

  • there are no descending fibres in the posterior columns

Explanation

Question 13 of 41

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 4 most closely related?
A. intervertebral foramen ( 2, 1, 3, 4 )
B. spinal ganglion ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
C. brachial plexus ( 4, 3, 2, 1 )
D. spinal cord ( 3, 4, 1, 2 )

1. dorsal root of spinal nerve
2. trunk of spinal nerve
3. conus medullaris
4. cervical intumescentia

Explanation

Question 14 of 41

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 3 most closely related?
A. ventral median fissure ( 3, 2, 1 )
B. epidural space ( 1, 2, 3 )
C. cerebrospinal fluid ( 2, 1, 3 )
D. terminal cistern ( 2, 1, 3 )

1. spinal dura mater
2. subarachnoid space
3. anterior spinal artery

Explanation

Question 15 of 41

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

To which of the A to C structures are 1 to 3 most closely related?
A. posterior funiculus of spinal cord ( 2, 1, 3 )
B. lateral funiculus of spinal cord ( 3, 1, 2 )
C. anterior funiculus ( 1, 2, 3 )

1. ventral corticosplnal tract
2. fasciculus gracilis & cuneatus
3. ventral spinocerebellar tract

Explanation

Question 16 of 41

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 4 most closely related?
A. grey commissure ( 4, 1, 2, 3 )
B. lateral column ( 3, 1, 2, 4 )
C. ventral median fissure ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
D. ventrolateral sulcus ( 2, 1, 3, 4 )

1. spinal pia mater
2. ventral root of spinal nerve
3. visceromotor neurons
4. canalis centralis

Explanation

Question 17 of 41

1

The spinal cord occupies the entire vertebral canal:

Select one of the following:

  • yes

  • no

Explanation

Question 18 of 41

1

The end of the spinal cord (conus medularis) in adults is at L2:

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 19 of 41

1

The sacrum contains the subarachnoid space along the whole length of the sacral canal:

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 20 of 41

1

The atlas has the first cervical spinal nerve on it's posterior arch.

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 21 of 41

1

The first spinal nerve has the shortest roots ad the last one the longest.

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 22 of 41

1

The connection between the dorsal and the lateral funicle is called Lisauer zone (zona terminalis).

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 23 of 41

1

Sulcus intermedius dorsalis is a groove between sulcus medianus dorsalis and sulcus dorsolateralis in the upper thoracic and cervical part of the spinal cord

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 24 of 41

1

Dorsal funiculus in cervical segments contains fasciculus gracilis, laterally and fasciculus cuneatus, medually.

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 25 of 41

1

The spinal cord ends caudally at the cuccyx

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 26 of 41

1

If in the process of doing a lumbar puncture a spinal needle was inserted posteriorly in the midline until it had just penetrated the posterior longitudinal ligament, would the needle have entered the subarachnoid space?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes

  • No

Explanation

Question 27 of 41

1

The part of a spinal nerve that supplies the true back muscles and the skin overlying them is:

Select one of the following:

  • Dorsal primary ramus

  • Dorsal root

  • Ventral primary ramus

  • Ventral root

Explanation

Question 28 of 41

1

A football player suffers a herniated intervetebral disk in his neck. The disk compresses the spinal nerve exiting through the intervetebral foramen between the 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae. Which spinal nerve is affected?

Select one of the following:

  • C 4

  • C5

  • C6

  • C7

  • C8

Explanation

Question 29 of 41

1

A man has a herniated intervetebral disk netween the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae. If the disk compresses the spinal nerve in the intervetebral foramen immediately posterior to this disk, which spinal nerve would be affected?

Select one of the following:

  • L3

  • L4

  • L5

  • S1

  • S2

Explanation

Question 30 of 41

1

Both the dural sac and the suarachnoid space end at which vertebral level?

Select one of the following:

  • L4

  • L5

  • S2

  • S1

  • S4

Explanation

Question 31 of 41

1

It is decided to image the spinal cord and spinal nerve rootlets by doing a myelogram. I order to inject the dye without damage to the spinal cord, the injection is usually done below what vertebral level?

Select one of the following:

  • L1

  • L2

  • L3

  • L4

  • L5

Explanation

Question 32 of 41

1

The myelogram revealed that the dye had leaked out along the the spinal nerves in the mid cervical region on the righ side. For the dye to leak out, what layer must have been torn ot ruptured?

Select one of the following:

  • Arachnoid

  • Denticulate ligament

  • Periosteum

  • pia

  • perumeurium

Explanation

Question 33 of 41

1

In the lumbar spine, the L4 nerve roots sleeve exits:

Select one of the following:

  • above the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervetebral foramen

  • above the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervetebral foramen

  • below the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervetebral foramen

  • below the pedicle if L4 and at the bottom of the intervetebral foramen

Explanation

Question 34 of 41

1

Which structure does NOT contain efferent autonomic nerve fibers?

Select one of the following:

  • dorsal ramus of C4

  • dorsal root of t6

  • ventral root of t3

  • ventral ramus of l2

Explanation

Question 35 of 41

1

it was noted that after the injury the patient's face on the right side was flushed due to dilation of the blood vessels. The lack of vasoconstriction was due to interruption of what fibers somewhere along their course?

Select one of the following:

  • somatic afferent

  • somatic efferent

  • parasympathetic

  • sympathetic

Explanation

Question 36 of 41

1

a 60 years old male presented with a number of unusual signs and symptoms in the facial region. Among others, it was found that the right side of his face was flushed. Further testing revealed a lack of ability to sweat in the same cutaneous region. Which nervous structures were most likely implicated in this set of clinical abnormalities?

Select one of the following:

  • cranial outflow of the ans

  • dorsal roots of cervical nerves

  • gray rami communicantes of t5

  • sympathetic nerve fibers

  • vagus berves

Explanation

Question 37 of 41

1

The conus medularis:

Select one of the following:

  • exhibits both a cervical and lumbar enlargement.

  • has a modification of neural tissue extending from its termination to the coccygeal ligament

  • gives origin to most of the cauda equina

  • is found at its lowest extent at S2

  • is normally anesthetized to perform a spinal tap

Explanation

Question 38 of 41

1

A neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia could convey what type of fibers?

Select one of the following:

  • motor to deep back muscles

  • motor to the pectoralis major muscle

  • sensory from the skin ovelying the trapezius

  • sympathetic preganglionics to the suprarenal medulla

  • visceral efferents to the stomach

Explanation

Question 39 of 41

1

Which is a source of axons found in the dorsal primary ramus of the 4th thoracic spinal nerve?

Select one of the following:

  • Afferent neurons arising from the skin overlying the trapezius muscle

  • somatic motor neurons supplying the levator scapulae muscle

  • somatic motor neurons supplying the rhomboid muscles

  • somatic motor neurons supplying the trapezius muscle

Explanation

Question 40 of 41

1

The denticulate ligament:

Select one of the following:

  • is a modification of the pia mater

  • is found between all dorsal and ventral roots

  • attaches to the dural sac continuously

  • has its terminal attachment at S2

  • holds the radicular arteries in place

Explanation

Question 41 of 41

1

In order to expose the spinal cord from the posterior side, it is necessary to remove:

Select one of the following:

  • Laminae, pedicles and ligamenta flava

  • Laminae, spinous preocess and ligamenta flava

  • Pedicles, spinous process and posterior logitudinal ligament

  • Transverse process, pedicles and ligamenta flava

Explanation

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