chapter 1,2 statistics

is the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions

is a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values

are the values that variables can assume

is a collection of date values

have values that are determined by chance

can be placed into distinct categories according to some characteristics or attribute

are numerical in nature and can be ordered or ranked

assume values that can be counted

can assume all values between any two specific values

classifies data into mutually exclusive (non overlapping), exhausting categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data

classicfies data into categories that can be ranked: however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist

ranks data, and precise differences between units of measure do exist, however, there is no meaningful zero

posses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and there exists a true zero

consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data

consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determine relationships among variables, and making predictions.

is the chance of an even occurring

consists of all subjects that are being studied

is a group of subjects selected from a population

are selected using chance methods or random methods

by numbering each subject of the populations and then selecting every nth number

by dividing the population into groups according to some characteristics that is important to the study, the sampling from each group

by using intact groups called clusters

thee researcher mercy observes what is happening or what has happened in the past and tries to draw conclusions based ion these observations

the researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences the variables

data collected in original form is called

is the organization of raw data in table form, using classes and frequencies

nominal or ordinal level data that can be places in categories is organized

are used when the range of the data is large

the smallest and largest possible data values in class are the

is a graph that displays the data by using vertical bars of various heights to represent the frequencies of the classes

is a graph that displays the data by using lines that connects points plotted for the frequencies at the class midpoints. the frequencies are represented by the heights of the points

is a graph that represents the cumulative frequencies for the classes in a frequency distribution

if proportions are used instead of frequencies, the graph are called

a statistical graph in which each data value is plotted as a point above the horizontal axis

a data plot that uses part of a data value as the stem and part of the data value as the leaf to form groups or classes