Thea Ampofo
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Diploma Magnetic Resonance Quiz on Practice Set (9) - Safety / Biological Effects / Contrast Media, created by Thea Ampofo on 31/01/2016.

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Practice Set (9) - Safety / Biological Effects / Contrast Media

Question 1 of 74

1

Thorough patient preparation should include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Proper patient screening

  • Complete patient medical history

  • Adequate patient education

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 2 of 74

1

Proper patient screening should include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • The elimination of any loose metal objects and personal items

  • The identification of any possible contraindications

  • The identification of any biomedical implants

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 3 of 74

1

Complete medical history should include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Patient age, sex, and weight

  • Current physical symptoms

  • Previous surgeries and associated medical problems

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 4 of 74

1

Adequate patient education should include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Thorough description of the procedure

  • Complete physics review

  • The importance of remaining still

  • Thorough description of the procedure & The importance of remaining still

Explanation

Question 5 of 74

1

Ancillary equipment that should be excluded from the magnetic room includes
which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Ferrous oxygen tanks

  • Battery powered IV pumps

  • Ferrous scissors, pens and hemostats

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 6 of 74

1

Ancillary equipment that should be included in an MRI department includes
which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Non-ferrous wheelchair or stretcher

  • Proper monitoring equipment for sedated patients

  • A crash cart for emergency situations

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 7 of 74

1

Which of the following ancillary staff should be trained in the safety procedures
of the MRI department?

Select one of the following:

  • Janitorial staff

  • Nursing staff

  • MRI department clerical staff

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 8 of 74

1

Which of the following pieces of equipment should be used and or available
when sedating patients for an MRI examination

Select one of the following:

  • Pulse oximeter

  • Blood pressure monitor

  • Crash cart

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 9 of 74

1

Which of the following patient injuries can be caused by improper placement
of cardiac leads

Select one of the following:

  • Patient burns

  • Temporary hearing loss

  • Short term memory loss

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 10 of 74

1

RF coils should be looped during scanning to improve signal to noise.

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 74

1

Which of the following is an important environmental consideration necessary
to maintain proper computer and gradient function

Select one of the following:

  • Temperature

  • Barometric pressure

  • Humidity

  • Temperature & Humidity

Explanation

Question 12 of 74

1

Which of the following objects should not be permitted past the 5 gauss line

Select one of the following:

  • Cardiac pacemaker

  • Hearing aids

  • Neuro stimulators

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 74

1

Which of the following objects will be affected by a magnetic field of 10
gauss or higher

Select one of the following:

  • Video cameras

  • Monitors

  • Cameras

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 14 of 74

1

Metal implants within the body, depending on the location, can pose what type
of problems during the MRI exam

Select one of the following:

  • Torque

  • Heating

  • Artifacts

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 15 of 74

1

Hazards to patients and technologists due to ferromagnetic objects within the
scan room include which ofthe following

Select one of the following:

  • Metal projectiles

  • Tissue burns

  • Image artifacts

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 16 of 74

1

The force on a ferromagnetic object placed in a magnetic field is dependent
upon which of the following factors

Select one of the following:

  • The mass of the object

  • The distance from the magnet

  • The object's orientation to the magnet

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 17 of 74

1

Which of the following patients should be absolutely excluded from having an
MRI exam

Select one of the following:

  • Patients with hip replacements

  • Patients with titanium aneurysm clips

  • Patients with cardiac pacemakers

  • Patients with cornea implants

Explanation

Question 18 of 74

1

Which of the following patients should be monitored with a pulse oximeter
during an MRI procedure

Select one of the following:

  • Sedated patients

  • Unconscious patients

  • Patients with weak voices or hearing problems

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 19 of 74

1

Which of the following hazards can occur due to an improperly ventilated
quench

Select one of the following:

  • Frostbite due to decrease room temperature

  • Hearing loss due to increased air pressure in the scan room

  • Patient suffocation due to loss of oxygen

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 20 of 74

1

The magnetic field that surrounds the Earth has what field strength

Select one of the following:

  • .5 Tesla

  • .6 Tesla

  • .5 Gauss

  • 1.5 Tesla

Explanation

Question 21 of 74

1

Biological effects associated with exposure to static magnetic fields below
2 tesla include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Increased amplitude at the T wave on an EKG

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Minimal increase in body temperature

  • Increased amplitude at the T wave on an EKG & Minimal increase in body temperature

Explanation

Question 22 of 74

1

Biological effects associated with exposure to static magnetic fields above
2 tesla include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Fatigue

  • Headaches

  • Hypotension

  • All ofthe above

Explanation

Question 23 of 74

1

Possible biological effects associated with exposure to gradient magnetic
fields at levels higher than that used in MRI include which of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Voltage produced in conductive tissue

  • Hypertension

  • Tissue bums

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 24 of 74

1

Biological effects associated with exposure to radio frequency include which
of the following

Select one of the following:

  • Induction of electrical currents in tissue

  • Heating due to tissue resistance

  • Radiation poisoning

  • Induction of electrical currents in tissue & Heating due to tissue resistance

Explanation

Question 25 of 74

1

The rate at which a patient can safely dissipate excess heat caused by RF
energy is known as

Select one of the following:

  • Specific absorption time

  • Specific absorption rate

  • Signal absorption rate

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 26 of 74

1

Specific absorption rate is expressed in units of

Select one of the following:

  • Watts/kg

  • Ohms/kg

  • Amps/kg

  • Watts/lb

Explanation

Question 27 of 74

1

Heating that is directly associated with the RF pulse sequence should not
increase the core body temperature greater than

Select one of the following:

  • 1 degree Fahrenheit

  • 1 degree Kelvin

  • 10 degrees Celsius

  • 1 degree Celsius

Explanation

Question 28 of 74

1

Which of the following is a biological effect unique to echo planar imaging

Select one of the following:

  • Visual phosphenes

  • Muscular twitches in face and back

  • Tissue bums

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 29 of 74

1

Specific absorption rate is dependent upon which factor(s)

Select one of the following:

  • Induced electrical field and tissue density

  • Patient size and pulse duty cycle

  • Tissue conductivity

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 30 of 74

1

The recommended whole body SAR limit for MR imaging is

Select one of the following:

  • .4 Watts/kg

  • 3.2 Watts/kg

  • 8 Watts/kg

  • 4.0 Watts/kg

Explanation

Question 31 of 74

1

The recommended SAR limit for safely imaging the head is

Select one of the following:

  • .4 Watts/k

  • 3.2 Watts/kg

  • 8 Watts/kg

  • 4.0 Watts/kg

Explanation

Question 32 of 74

1

The recommended SAR limit for safely imaging small volumes is

Select one of the following:

  • .4 Watts/kg

  • 3.2 Watts/kg

  • 8 Watts/kg

  • 4.0 Watts/kg

Explanation

Question 33 of 74

1

The effect of MRI contrast media on tissue relaxation rates is known as

Select one of the following:

  • Relaxation

  • Relaxivity

  • Realization

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 34 of 74

1

Contrast agents presently used in MRI have what type of effect on tissue

Select one of the following:

  • Increase T2 relaxation times

  • Decrease Tl relaxation times

  • Increase Tl relaxation times

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 35 of 74

1

The first material used by Felix Bloch to change magnetic relaxation times was
known as

Select one of the following:

  • Niobium-Titanium

  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine

  • Ferric Nitrate

  • Nickel-Cadmium

Explanation

Question 36 of 74

1

The first use of a paramagnetic agent on a human subject was in what year

Select one of the following:

  • 1976

  • 1981

  • 1946

  • 1973

Explanation

Question 37 of 74

1

The first oral MRl contrast agent used in a human subject was known as

Select one of the following:

  • Niobium-Titanium

  • Ferric Chloride

  • Ferric Nitrate

  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine

Explanation

Question 38 of 74

1

The first intravenous MRl contrast agent that was used on a human subject
was known as

Select one of the following:

  • Niobium-Titanium

  • Ferric Chloride

  • Ferric Nitrate

  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine

Explanation

Question 39 of 74

1

Gadolinium has how many unpaired electrons in its outermost orbit

Select one of the following:

  • 5

  • 7

  • 9

  • 11

Explanation

Question 40 of 74

1

MRI contrast agents known as TI agents produce what type of contrast
on Tl weighted images

Select one of the following:

  • Positive

  • Negative

Explanation

Question 41 of 74

1

MRl contrast agents known as T2 agents produce what type of contrast
on T2 weighted images

Select one of the following:

  • Positive

  • Negative

Explanation

Question 42 of 74

1

MRI contrast agents known as T2 agents have what type of effect on tissue

Select one of the following:

  • Increase T2 relaxation times

  • Increase Tl relaxation times

  • Decrease T2 relaxation times

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 43 of 74

1

Which ofthe following is a requirement for a chemical before it can be used as
an MRI contrast medium

Select one of the following:

  • It must decrease magnetic relaxation times

  • Must be non-ionic

  • Must be biologically compatible with the human body

  • It must decrease magnetic relaxation times & Must be biologically compatible with the human body

Explanation

Question 44 of 74

1

The chemical compounds used to bind the metallic ion in MRI contrast agents
are known as

Select one of the following:

  • Hydrophilies

  • Chelates

  • Macrophanges

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 45 of 74

1

To minimize MRl contrast agent's toxicity, the agent should be

Select one of the following:

  • Excreted intact by the kidneys

  • Excreted intact by the gallbladder and intestines

  • Released within the body

  • Excreted intact by the kidneys & Excreted intact by the gallbladder and intestines

Explanation

Question 46 of 74

1

The amount of a drug required to cause death in half ofa sample of laboratory
mice is known as

Select one of the following:

  • LDso

  • LRso

  • Median lethal dose

  • LDso & Median lethal dose

Explanation

Question 47 of 74

1

Which of the following is the median lethal dose of Gadopentetate
dimeglumine

Select one of the following:

  • .5 mmol/kg

  • 5 mmol/kg

  • 1 mmol/kg

  • 10-20 mmol/kg

Explanation

Question 48 of 74

1

Contrast agents that stay electrically neutral in water and do not separate into
ions are said to be

Select one of the following:

  • Hydrophilic

  • Nonionic

  • Ionic

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 49 of 74

1

Contrast agents that separate into charged ions in water are said to be

Select one of the following:

  • Hydrophobic

  • Nonionic

  • Ionic

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 50 of 74

1

The diffusion of fluid thorough a semipermeable membrane such as the wall
of a living cell is known as

Select one of the following:

  • Hydrosis

  • Ionization

  • Osmosis

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 51 of 74

1

The osmolality of a contrast agent is measured in what unit

Select one of the following:

  • Osmoles per kilogram of water (Osm/kg)

  • Milliosmoles per kilogram of water (mOsm/kg)

  • Milliliters per kiloliter (mllkl)

  • Osmoles per kilogram of water (Osm/kg) & Milliosmoles per kilogram of water (mOsm/kg)

Explanation

Question 52 of 74

1

The effective clinical dosage of gadolinium is how many millimoles per
kilogram of body weight

Select one of the following:

  • 1:0 mmol/kg

  • 0.1 mmol/kg

  • 10 mmol/kg

  • 20 mmol/kg

Explanation

Question 53 of 74

1

Which of the following is a possible side effect of gadopentetate
dimeglumine

Select one of the following:

  • Mild, temporary headaches

  • Nausea

  • Vomiting

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 54 of 74

1

Gd DTPA, also known as Magnevist, is bound by which chelate

Select one of the following:

  • Bismethylamide

  • Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid

  • Tertraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 55 of 74

1

Gd DOTA, also known as Dotarem, is bound by what chelate

Select one of the following:

  • Bismethylamide

  • Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid

  • Tertraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 56 of 74

1

Gd DTPA-BMA, also known as Omniscan, is bound by what chel

Select one of the following:

  • Bismethylamide

  • Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid

  • Tertraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 57 of 74

1

Gadoteridol, also known as ProHance, is based on what type of molecular
structure

Select one of the following:

  • Linear ionic

  • Linear nonionic

  • Macrocyclic ionic

  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Explanation

Question 58 of 74

1

Gadopentetate dimeglumine, also known as Magnevist, is based on what type
of molecular structure

Select one of the following:

  • Linear ionic

  • Linear nonionic

  • Macrocyclic ionic

  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Explanation

Question 59 of 74

1

Gadodiamide, also known as Omniscan, is based on what type of molecular
structure

Select one of the following:

  • Linear ionic

  • Linear nonionic

  • Macrocyclic ionic

  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Explanation

Question 60 of 74

1

Gadoterate meglumine, also known as Dotarem, is based on what type of
molecular structure

Select one of the following:

  • Linear ionic

  • Linear nonionic

  • Macrocyclic ionic

  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Explanation

Question 61 of 74

1

Which of the following is a clinical indication for the use of MRI contrast
agents

Select one of the following:

  • CNS tumors

  • Post surgical lumbar discs

  • Infection

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 62 of 74

1

Structures that are outside the blood brain barrier are said to be

Select one of the following:

  • Extra axial

  • Intra axial

  • Para axial

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 63 of 74

1

The type of neoplasms in the head that enhance primarily due to their increase
in vascularity are known as

Select one of the following:

  • Intra axial neoplasms

  • Extra axial neoplasms

  • Metastatic neoplasms

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 64 of 74

1

Which of the following is an example of an extra axial neoplasm

Select one of the following:

  • Meningioma

  • Astrocytoma

  • Acoustic Neuroma

  • Meningioma & Astrocytoma

Explanation

Question 65 of 74

1

The type ofneoplasms in the head that enhance primarily due to the
breakdown of the blood brain barrier are known as

Select one of the following:

  • Intra axial neoplasms

  • Extra axial neoplasms

  • Acoustic neuromas

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 66 of 74

1

Which of the following is an example of an intra axial neoplasm

Select one of the following:

  • Acoustic neuroma

  • Meningioma

  • Astrocytoma

  • Acoustic neuroma & Meningioma

Explanation

Question 67 of 74

1

Which area outside the blood brain barrier shows normal enhancement with
the injection of gadolinium

Select one of the following:

  • Choroid plexus

  • Pineal gland

  • Pituitary gland

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 68 of 74

1

Which ofthe following is an example of a non-neoplastic disease of the brain
that enhances with the injection of gadolinium

Select one of the following:

  • Meningitis

  • Demyelinating disease

  • Cerebral infection

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 69 of 74

1

Neoplasms within the spinal cord are said to be located in which of the
following locations

Select one of the following:

  • Intramedullary

  • Extramedullary Intradural

  • Extradural

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 70 of 74

1

Neoplasms outside the spinal cord but within the CSF space are said to be
located in which of the following locations

Select one of the following:

  • Intramedullary

  • Extramedullary Intradural

  • Extradural

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 71 of 74

1

Neoplasms of the spine that are outside the spinal cord and outside the CSF
space are said to be located in which of the following locations

Select one of the following:

  • Intramedullary

  • Extramedullary Intradural

  • Extradural

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 72 of 74

1

Which of the following pathologies of the spine is an indication for the use
of an MRl contrast agent

Select one of the following:

  • Spinal cord infection

  • Recurrent disc herniation

  • Intramedullary neoplasm

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 73 of 74

1

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of gadolinium

Select one of the following:

  • Patients with history of metastatic cancer

  • Patients with history of asthma

  • Patients with history of metal implants

  • No known contraindications

Explanation

Question 74 of 74

1

Which of the following is a precaution for the use of gadolinium

Select one of the following:

  • Patients with sickle cell anemia

  • Patients with a history of grand mal seizures

  • Patients with a history of asthma

  • All of the above

Explanation

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