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Colleen Curley
Mind Map by , created more than 1 year ago

Bachelors Human Structure and Function (Principles) Mind Map on Hearing and Balance, created by Colleen Curley on 08/12/2015.

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Colleen Curley
Created by Colleen Curley over 9 years ago
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Hearing and Balance

Hearing and BalanceExternal ear(hearing)Inner ear (hearing andbalance)Middle ear(hearing)AuricleExternal auditorycanalTympanicmembraneAir-filled space (within the petrousportion of the temporal bone)3 AuditoryossiclesSensoryInterconnecting, fluid-filled tunnels andchambers (within the petrous portion of temporalbone)FleshypartElastic cartilage covered in skinShape directs soundwave toexternal auditory canalLined with hairsCeruminousglandsCerumen - modified sebum(earwax)Thin, semitransparent and nearly ovalshapeHairs + cerumen prevent foreign bodiesreaching tympanic membraneSeprates external andmiddle ear3 layersSimple cubodialepithelium (innersurface)Thin stratifiedcolumnar epithelium(outer surface)Connective tissue(middle)Soundwaves cause it tovibrateRupture lead tohearing impairment4 openings2 coveredopenings2 additionalopeningsRound and oval onMedial sideSeperate frominner earOpens into mastoid air cellsAuditory tube (pharyngotympanictube)opens into pharynxEqualizes air pressure ofoutside air and middle earcavityUnequal pressure can distorttympanic plate, dampens itsvibrations, associated pain fibresstimulatedMalleusIncusStapesTransmit vibrations fromtympanic membrane tooval windowVibration of tympanic membranecauses malleus to vibrate becausemalleus handle attachted to innersurface of tymoanic membraneMalleus head attachedby very small synovialjoint to incusIncus synovial joint withmalleus and synovial jointwith stapesFoot plate fits into ovalwindow and held by flexibleannular ligament2 small skeletalmuscles insert intoauditory ossiclesTensor Tympani attached to malleusand innervated by trigeminal nerve (V)Stapedius muscle attachedto stapes and innervated byfacial nerve (VII)Bony labyrinth within thetemporal boneLined with endosteumMembranouslabyrinthInner surface endosteum lined withperilymphatic cellsOuter surface of membranouslabyrinth lined with perilymphaticcellsFilled with fluid - endolmyphSpace between bony andmembranous labryinth filled withperilymphHigh [K+] and low [Na+] opposite ofperilymph concentrations3 regionsCochleaVestibuleSemicircular canals3 parts of membranouslabyrinthBalanceBalanceScala VestibuliScala TympaniCochlear ductExtends from oval window to helicotrema, backfrom apex, parallel to scala vestibuli tomembrane of round windowDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node