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Pharm: Drugs for Cough and Cold

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Phamacotherapeutics - Drugs for Cough & Cold

Phamacotherapeutics - Drugs for Cough & Cold

Question 1 of 29

1

Which of the following is/are true regarding antitussive medications?
(select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Used to suppress coughing

  • May be used long-term

  • Better for dry (non-productive) cough

  • Not very effective at current OTC doses

  • Contraindicated in children < 6 years old

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

1

Why would antitussives be contraindicated?

Select one of the following:

  • They cause gastrointestinal symptoms if used over 7 days.

  • Coughing is a defense mechanism which we don't want to suppress.

  • Patient has a productive cough.

  • Patient is < 2 years old

  • All of the above

  • All but A

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

1

What is the mechanism of action of Codeine and what is it's brand name?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inhibits cough through direct effect on brainstem cough center. Also might inhibit peripheral afferent neurons that initiate coughing.

  • Competes for H1 receptor sites on respiratory tract to reduce secretion and stop coughing

  • Robitussin AC

  • Robitussin DM

  • Delsym

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

1

What is the mechanism of Dextromethorphan and what is/are it's brand names?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Soothing to the airway through vaporization.

  • Inhibits cough reflex by a similar mechanism to Codeine (inhibits cough through direct effect on brainstem cough center) but is a non-narcotic.

  • Inhibits cough reflex by a similar mechanism to Codeine (inhibits cough through direct effect on brainstem cough center) but is a narcotic and provides stronger action.

  • Robitussin AC

  • Robitussin DM

  • Vicks Vaposteam

  • Delsym

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

1

Which two medications are sold as Vicks?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Delsym

  • Menthol

  • Carnauba

  • Camphor

  • Lanolin

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

1

What are some common adverse effects of Codeine?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fatigue

  • Abdominal pain

  • Drowsiness

  • Dizziness

  • Ataxia

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

1

What are some common side effects of Dextromethorphan?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Confusion

  • Ataxia

  • Irritability

  • Nervousness

  • Excitement

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

1

What is the primary side effect of Benadryl?

Select one of the following:

  • Shortness of Breath

  • Ataxia

  • Vomiting

  • Insomnia

  • Drowsiness

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

1

Which drug do the young whippersnappers Robo Trip with?

Select one of the following:

  • Robitussin AC

  • Robaxin

  • Diphenhydramine

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Tylenol

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

1

What are some therapeutic benefits of Expectorants?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Compete for H1 receptor sites on respiratory tract to reduce secretion and stop coughing.

  • Facilitate production and ejection of mucus.

  • May increase pulmonary function

  • Prevents respiratory passages from being clogged by thick, viscous secretions.

  • Reduce secretions from upper airway so as to prevent drainage into the lower respiratory tract.

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

1

Which of the following are Adverse Effects of Decongestants?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Headache

  • Dizziness

  • Hypertension

  • Palpitations

  • Seizures

  • Nausea

  • Nervousness

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

1

Which of the following are characteristics of decongestants.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Binds to receptors located on blood vessels of nasal mucosa and stimulate vasoconstriction and resulting in drying up of mucosal vasculature and decreased local congestion

  • Usually beta-2 adrenergic agonists.

  • Usually beta-1 adrenergic agonists.

  • Usually alpha-1 adrenergic agonists.

  • Almost exclusively systemic medications.

  • May be systemic or local medications.

  • Almost exclusively local medications

  • Can cause CNS depression, avoid excessive use

  • Can cause CNS excitation, avoid excessive use

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

1

Which oral decongestant rocks and which one sucks?

Select one of the following:

  • Phenylephrine

  • Pseudoephedrine

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

1

When is the best time to take an oral decongestant?

Select one of the following:

  • In the morning to reduce the negative consequences of CNS excitation.

  • In the evening to reduce the negative consequences of CNS depression.

  • Any time of day as CNS effects are not often seen in decongestants.

  • In the evening to help congested patients sleep.

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

1

What is the chief concern with Afrin administration and what is its generic name?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Nasal polyps

  • Rebound congestion

  • Epistaxis

  • Oxymetazoline

  • Xylometazoline

  • Phenylephrine

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

1

Choose the correct statements regarding Phenylephrine and Pseudoephedrine. (if you get something incorrect, try flipping the statements)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Phenylephrine is more bioavailable (90%) than Pseudoephedrine (38%)

  • Phenylephrine: a1 adrenergic, weak B adrenergic
    Pseudoephedrine: a1 and B adrenergic

  • Phenylephrine has CNS effects, Pseudoephedrine does not.

  • Pseudoephedrine has more efficacy data than Phenylephrine.

  • Patients with heart conditions, asthma, and COPD need to be more cautious with Pseudoephedrine and less so with Phenylephrine

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

1

Which of these is NOT a condition in which we should be cautious when prescribing oral decongestants?

Select one of the following:

  • Hypertension

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • Diabetes

  • Coronary heart disease

  • Diverticulitis

  • Elevated intraocular pressure

  • Prostatic hypertrophy

  • MAOIs

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

1

Which Histamine mediates allergic response and is therefore what our antihistamine drugs target?

Select one of the following:

  • H1

  • H2

  • H3

  • H4

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

1

Arrange these antihistamine medications in terms of their ability to cross the blood brain barrier, from most crossing to least.

Select one of the following:

  • Diphenhydramine, Loratidine, Fexofenadine, Cetirizine

  • Diphenhydramine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine, Cetirizine

  • Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Loratidine, Fexofenadine

  • Fexofenadine, Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Loratidine

  • Loratidine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Diphenhydramine

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

1

Which of the following medications are First Generation Antihistamines?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Brompheniramine (Dimetapp)

  • Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

  • Clemastine (Tavist)

  • Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

  • Levocetirizine (Xyzal)

  • Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

  • Desloratidine (Clarinex)

Explanation

Question 21 of 29

1

Which of the following are Second Generation Antihistamines?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

  • Desloratidine (Clarinex)

  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)

  • Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

  • Levocetirizine (Xyzal)

  • Loratidine (Claritin)

Explanation

Question 22 of 29

1

While antihistamines are generally used more for allergic rhinitis and congestion, one medication has some efficacy in treating cold related rhinorrhea. Which is it?

Select one of the following:

  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)

  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

  • Loratidine (Claritin)

Explanation

Question 23 of 29

1

What are some precautions and warnings to consider when prescribing antihistamines to patients?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Emphysema

  • Chronic Bronchitis

  • Narrow Angle Glaucoma

  • Cardiovascular disease

  • Enlarged Prostate Gland

  • Increased risk of CVA

  • Decrease in milk supply in nursing mothers.

Explanation

Question 24 of 29

1

What are some special considerations to make in elderly and children before prescribing Antihistamines?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Elderly patients having a paradoxical hyperactivity.

  • Children having a paradoxical hyperactivity.

  • Long half life in elderly, causing extended effect and increased fall risk.

  • Long half life in children, causing poor performance in school and social dysfunction.

Explanation

Question 25 of 29

1

When a combination product advertises itself as a Nighttime/PM medication, what is likely in the combination?

Select one of the following:

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic

  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Antihistamine

Explanation

Question 26 of 29

1

When a combination product advertises itself as a Nondrowsy/AM/Daytime medication, what is likely in the combination?

Select one of the following:

  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Antihistamine

Explanation

Question 27 of 29

1

When a combination product advertises itself as a Sinus medication, what is likely in the combination?

Select one of the following:

  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Antihistamine

Explanation

Question 28 of 29

1

When a combination product advertises itself as a Cough medication, what is likely in the combination?

Select one of the following:

  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Antihistamine

Explanation

Question 29 of 29

1

When a combination product advertises itself as an Allergy medication, what is likely in the combination?

Select one of the following:

  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine

  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Antihistamine

Explanation

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