Earth science test review

Question 1 of 29

1

The main difference between weather and climate is that ________.

Select one of the following:

weather is the regional pattern based on latitude and humidity while climate is the daily pattern based on season.
climate is the regional pattern based on latitude and humidity while weather is the daily pattern based on season
weather is the daily variations that actually occur at a location and climate is the general pattern of weather over time
climate is the daily variations that actually occur at a location and weather is the general pattern of climate over time
climate is a political opinion while weather is reality

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

1

Solar rays will strike the Tropic of Capricorn at an angle of 90 degrees on ________.

Select one of the following:

September 21
June 21
March 21
December 21

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

1

What causes seasons?

Select one of the following:

seasonal changes in the angle of the sun above the horizon
differences in the amount of daylight
the elliptical orbit of the earth
the changing tilt angle of the earth

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

1

The differences in summer and winter temperatures are greatest for locations ________.

Select one of the following:

The location does not affect the range of temperatures.
near 60 degrees north or south latitude
near the Poles
near the tropic of Cancer or Capricorn
near the equator

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

1

The north end of Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees toward the Sun on ________.

Select one of the following:

September 21 or 22
March 21 or 22
December 21 or 22
June 21 or 22

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

1

The greenhouse effect is caused by…

Select one of the following:

Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing radiation from the Earth's surface, and preventing much of it escaping into space
Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing solar radiation
Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Too much heat in the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

1

Which of these natural events affect the climate?

Select one of the following:

The path of the Earth around the sun
Thawing permafrost
Volcanic eruptions
All

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

1

Which of these greenhouse gases is most abundant in the atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

Nitrous oxide
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Water vapor

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

1

What greenhouse gas was NOT present in the atmosphere in pre-industrial times (before 1750)?

Select one of the following:

Nitrous oxide
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Trichlorofluoromethane

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

1

Which of the following changes in climate has NOT already occurred?

Select one of the following:

A decrease in the sea ice around Antarctica
Fewer cold days and frosts, and more frequent heatwaves over the last 50 years
0.17m rise in sea level during the 20th century
0.74°C increase in average global temperature over the last century

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

1

Which of these countries has the highest per capita (per person) carbon dioxide emissions?

Select one of the following:

Australia
Saudi Arabia
United States
China

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

1

Which of the following activities contributes the most to carbon emissions globally?

Select one of the following:

Forestry
Energy supply
Transport
Agriculture

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

1

On average, what percentage of the Earth's atmosphere by volume consists of carbon dioxide?

Select one of the following:

About 0.004 percent
about 4 percent
About 0.04 percent
About 0.4 percent

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

1

According to global surface temperature data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, how many of the top 10 hottest years on record have occurred in the past 10 years.

Select one of the following:

nine
zero
five
one

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

1

What region of the world will likely warm most rapidly due to climate change?

Select one of the following:

The tropics
Antarctica
The Arctic
Australia and the South Pacific

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

1

Which of the following best explains the effect of greenhouse gases on Earth’s atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

produce more carbon dioxide which generates more plant growth.
absorb some of the incoming radiation from the Sun.
absorb some of the energy Earth radiates out into space
act as a shield that reflects some of the incoming radiation from the Sun

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

1

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Select one of the following:

nitrogen (N2)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
water (H2O)
nitrogen oxide (N2O)

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

1

There are several long-term changes in Earth’s orbit that affect how heat from the Sun is distributed over the planet. Which of the following describes how the orbit changes from being elliptical to more circular?

Select one of the following:

eccentricity
axial tilt
solar obliqueness
precession

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

1

Ice core data have revealed which of the following?

Select one of the following:

current carbon dioxide concentrations are far outside of Earth’s recent operating range.
Earth’s climate has been remarkably stable for the past 10,000 years
Earth’s climate shows a history of abrupt and rapid changes in temperature
all of the answers listed here.

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

1

Which of the following statements with respect to Earth’s climate is NOT true?

Select one of the following:

atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are currently well within Earth’s recent operating range
past climate changes have caused societies to collapse
variation in energy output from the Sun is too small to explain current warming
Earth is currently in a strong warming trend

Explanation

Question 21 of 29

1

One important consequence of global warming is that Earth’s climatic zones are expected to shift. Which of the following would affect large parts of Earth’s population as winters arrive later and end earlier?

Select one of the following:

increased flooding during the winter months
colder winters
less sunlight during the agricultural growing season
less melt water to sustain streams during the summer months
shortening of the agricultural growing season

Explanation

Question 22 of 29

1

Ocean acidification is taking place as the oceans absorb some of the additional carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. What is the basic environmental problem that this creates?

Select one of the following:

more difficult for marine organisms to secret their own protective shells.
causes the oceans to become even more saline, thereby reducing ocean circulation
increases the rate of evaporation of seawater
makes it unsafe for humans to go swimming in the ocean

Explanation

Question 23 of 29

1

Seasonal variations in CO2 recorded at Mauna Loa Observatory are related to ________.

Select one of the following:

humidity
temperature
storms
vegetation

Explanation

Question 24 of 29

1

Climate-feedback mechanisms ________

Select one of the following:

have nothing to do with climate models
disagree with climate models
complicate climate models
support climate models

Explanation

Question 25 of 29

1

The magnitude of a temperature increase due to greenhouse warming will probably be smallest in the ________.

Select one of the following:

subtropics
tropics
lower middle-latitudes
polar regions
higher middle-latitudes

Explanation

Question 26 of 29

1

Approximately how much of the Earth's water supply is saline?

Select one of the following:

20%
100%
98%
43%

Explanation

Question 27 of 29

1

The main process that links water in the atmosphere with water on the Earth's surface is

Select one of the following:

infiltration
evaporation
transpiration
condensation

Explanation

Question 28 of 29

1

The water table is ________.

Select one of the following:

a boundary between unsaturated bedrock below and saturated bedrock above
a boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above
a boundary between unsaturated bedrock and an underground river
an underground mass of partly saturated rock

Explanation

Question 29 of 29

1

Permeable rock strata or sediment that transmit groundwater freely are called ________.

Select one of the following:

aquitards
aquifers
springs
perched water tables

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earth science review

Earth science test review

Question 1 of 29

The main difference between weather and climate is that ________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

Solar rays will strike the Tropic of Capricorn at an angle of 90 degrees on ________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

What causes seasons?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

The differences in summer and winter temperatures are greatest for locations ________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

The north end of Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees toward the Sun on ________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

The greenhouse effect is caused by…

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

Which of these natural events affect the climate?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

Which of these greenhouse gases is most abundant in the atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

What greenhouse gas was NOT present in the atmosphere in pre-industrial times (before 1750)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

Which of the following changes in climate has NOT already occurred?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

Which of these countries has the highest per capita (per person) carbon dioxide emissions?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

Which of the following activities contributes the most to carbon emissions globally?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

On average, what percentage of the Earth's atmosphere by volume consists of carbon dioxide?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

According to global surface temperature data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, how many of the top 10 hottest years on record have occurred in the past 10 years.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

What region of the world will likely warm most rapidly due to climate change?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

Which of the following best explains the effect of greenhouse gases on Earth’s atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

There are several long-term changes in Earth’s orbit that affect how heat from the Sun is distributed over the planet. Which of the following describes how the orbit changes from being elliptical to more circular?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

Ice core data have revealed which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

Which of the following statements with respect to Earth’s climate is NOT true?