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Biology Quiz on CBLG101 - Chapter 8 Joints, created by Sarah S on 01/06/2024.

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Sarah S
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CBLG101 - Chapter 8 Joints

Question 1 of 94

1

What is another word for joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Articulations

  • Ligaments

  • Tendons

  • Cartilage

Explanation

Question 2 of 94

1

What is the definition of joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Sites where two or more bones meet

  • Areas where muscles attach to bones

  • Places where tendons and ligaments connect

  • Locations of bone marrow production

Explanation

Question 3 of 94

1

What is the function of joints?

Select one of the following:

  • To give the skeleton mobility and hold the skeleton together

  • To protect internal organs

  • To produce red and white blood cells

  • To store minerals and fats

Explanation

Question 4 of 94

1

What are the types of classifications of joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Structural - based on what material binds the joints and whether a cavity is present

  • Functional - based on movement the joint allows

  • Anatomical - based on the location in the body

  • Both Structural and Functional

Explanation

Question 5 of 94

1

What are the structural types of joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Fibrous

  • Cartilaginous

  • Synovial

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 6 of 94

1

What are the functional types of joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Synarthroses

  • Amphiarthroses

  • Diarthroses

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 7 of 94

1

What does synarthroses mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Immovable joints

  • Slightly movable joints

  • Freely movable joints

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 8 of 94

1

What does amphiarthroses mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Immovable joints

  • Slightly movable joints

  • Freely movable joints

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 9 of 94

1

What does diarthroses mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Immovable joints

  • Slightly movable joints

  • Freely movable joints

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 10 of 94

1

What are the types of fibrous joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Sutures

  • Syndesmoses

  • Gomphoses

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 11 of 94

1

What is not true about fibrous joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Bones are joined by dense fibrous connective tissue

  • No joint cavity is present

  • Most are immovable, depending on the length of tissue fibers

  • They have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

Explanation

Question 12 of 94

1

What is a suture?

Select one of the following:

  • A joint found only in the skull, held together with very short interconnecting fibers, and bone edges interlock

  • A joint held together by a ligament with varying tissue lengths

  • A "peg in socket" fibrous joint with a periodontal ligament that holds tooth in socket

  • A joint that unites the bones with hyaline cartilage

Explanation

Question 13 of 94

1

What is a syndesmosis?

Select one of the following:

  • A joint found only in the skull, held together with very short interconnecting fibers, and bone edges interlock

  • A joint held together by a ligament with varying tissue lengths

  • A "peg in socket" fibrous joint with a periodontal ligament that holds tooth in socket

  • A joint that unites the bones with fibrocartilage

Explanation

Question 14 of 94

1

What is a gomphosis?

Select one of the following:

  • A joint found only in the skull, held together with very short interconnecting fibers, and bone edges interlock

  • A joint held together by a ligament with varying tissue lengths

  • A "peg in socket" fibrous joint with a periodontal ligament that holds tooth in socket

  • A fluid-filled, diarthrotic joint

Explanation

Question 15 of 94

1

What is not true about cartilaginous joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Bones united by cartilage

  • Like fibrous joints, have no joint cavity

  • Not highly movable

  • Include almost all limb joints

Explanation

Question 16 of 94

1

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Synchondroses and symphyses

  • Syndesmosis and symphyses

  • Synchondroses and syndesmosis

  • Synovial and fibrous

Explanation

Question 17 of 94

1

What are synchondroses?

Select one of the following:

  • Bones united by hyaline cartilage

  • Bones united by fibrocartilage

  • Bones united by dense fibrous tissue

  • Joints allowing free movement in multiple directions

Explanation

Question 18 of 94

1

What are symphyses?

Select one of the following:

  • Bones united by hyaline cartilage

  • Bones united by fibrocartilage

  • Bones united by dense fibrous tissue

  • Joints allowing free movement in multiple directions

Explanation

Question 19 of 94

1

What is true about synovial joints

Select one of the following:

  • Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity

  • All are diarthrotic (freely movable) and include almost all limb joints

  • Have bursae and tendon sheaths associated with them

  • All the above

Explanation

Question 20 of 94

1

What are the six general features of synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Articular cartilage, joint (synovial) cavity, articular (joint) capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, nerves & blood vessels

  • Articular cartilage, joint (synovial) cavity, muscle fibers, synovial fluid, reinforcing tendons, cartilage cells

  • Joint (synovial) cavity, articular (joint) capsule, muscle fibers, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, nerve endings

  • Articular cartilage, muscle fibers, joint (synovial) cavity, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, blood plasma

Explanation

Question 21 of 94

1

What are the three factors that influence synovial joint stability?

Select one of the following:

  • The shapes of the articular surfaces, the number & positioning of ligaments, and muscle tone

  • The amount of synovial fluid, the strength of the articular capsule, and bone density

  • The elasticity of the cartilage, the length of the tendons, and the flexibility of the ligaments

  • The size of the joint cavity, the presence of bursae, and the type of connective tissue

Explanation

Question 22 of 94

1

What are bursae and tendon sheaths?

Select one of the following:

  • Types of bones that provide structural support

  • Fibrous joints that connect bones

  • Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between adjacent structures during joint activity

  • Types of cartilage that form flexible connections between bones

Explanation

Question 23 of 94

1

What is the difference between bursae and tendon sheaths?

Select one of the following:

  • Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs occurring where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together while tendon sheaths are elongated and wrap around a tendon.

  • Bursae connect bones to each other, while tendon sheaths connect muscles to bones.

  • Bursae are found only in the lower limbs, while tendon sheaths are found only in the upper limbs.

  • Bursae produce synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths produce cartilage.

Explanation

Question 24 of 94

1

What is true of the articular cartilage of synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • They consist of fibrocartilage covering the ends of bones and provide flexibility to the joint.

  • They consist of hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones and prevent them from being crushed.

  • They consist of elastic cartilage covering the ends of bones and allow extensive movement.

  • They consist of fibrous tissue covering the ends of bones and limit joint mobility.

Explanation

Question 25 of 94

1

What is true of the cavity of synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • They are large, air-filled spaces that provide cushioning between bones.

  • They are small, fluid-filled potential spaces that are unique to synovial joints and can expand if fluid accumulates from inflammation.

  • They are filled with cartilage that aids in shock absorption.

  • They contain muscle fibers that enhance joint movement.

Explanation

Question 26 of 94

1

What is untrue of the articular capsule of synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • It is two layers thick and encloses the synovial cavity.

  • The tough external fibrous layer is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

  • The inner synovial membrane is composed of loose connective tissue that makes synovial fluid.

  • The inner synovial membrane is composed of dense regular connective tissue that makes synovial fluid.

Explanation

Question 27 of 94

1

What is true about synovial fluid?

Select one of the following:

  • Viscous, slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid

  • Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage

  • Contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and debris

  • All the above

Explanation

Question 28 of 94

1

What are the different types of reinforcing ligaments in synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Medial, lateral, and posterior ligaments

  • Capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular ligaments

  • Superior, inferior, and anterior ligaments

  • Long, short, and flat ligaments

Explanation

Question 29 of 94

1

In synovial joints, what are capsular reinforcing ligaments?

Select one of the following:

  • Thickened parts of the fibrous layer of the articular capsule

  • Distinct ligaments found outside the articular capsule

  • Distinct ligaments found deep to the articular capsule and covered by synovial membrane.

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 30 of 94

1

In synovial joints, what are extracapsular reinforcing ligaments?

Select one of the following:

  • Thickened parts of the fibrous layer of the articular capsule

  • Distinct ligaments found outside the articular capsule

  • Distinct ligaments found deep to the articular capsule and covered by synovial membrane.

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 31 of 94

1

In synovial joints, what are intracapsular reinforcing ligaments?

Select one of the following:

  • Thickened parts of the fibrous layer of the articular capsule

  • Distinct ligaments found outside the articular capsule

  • Distinct ligaments found deep to the articular capsule and covered by synovial membrane.

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 94

1

What do the nerve fibers in synovial joints do?

Select one of the following:

  • They secrete synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

  • They provide structural support to the joint capsule.

  • They facilitate muscle contraction for joint movement.

  • They detect pain and monitor joint stretch and position.

Explanation

Question 33 of 94

1

All muscles attach to bone or connective tissue at no fewer than two points. What are these points called?

Select one of the following:

  • The origin is attached to the immovable bone and the insertion is attached to the movable bone.

  • The insertion is attached to the immovable bone and the origin is attached to the movable bone.

  • The anchoring point is attached to the immovable bone and the junction point is attached to the movable bone.

  • The junction point is attached to the immovable bone and the anchroing point is attached to the movable bone.

Explanation

Question 34 of 94

1

How does body movement occur?

Select one of the following:

  • When bones glide smoothly over each other

  • When muscles contract across joints and their insertion moves toward their origin

  • When ligaments stretch and return to their original shape

  • When tendons push bones away from each other

Explanation

Question 35 of 94

1

What terms describe the range of motion allowed by synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Fixed, semi-fixed, and freely movable

  • Nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial

  • Single-plane, double-plane, triple-plane, quad-plane

  • Limited, moderate, extensive, unrestricted

Explanation

Question 36 of 94

1

What does nonaxial mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Slipping movements only

  • Movement in one plane

  • Movement in two planes

  • Movement in or around all three planes

Explanation

Question 37 of 94

1

What does uniaxial mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Slipping movements only

  • Movement in one plane

  • Movement in two planes

  • Movement in or around all three planes

Explanation

Question 38 of 94

1

What does biaxial mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Slipping movements only

  • Movement in one plane

  • Movement in two planes

  • Movement in or around all three planes

Explanation

Question 39 of 94

1

What does multiaxial mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Slipping movements only

  • Movement in one plane

  • Movement in two planes

  • Movement in or around all three planes

Explanation

Question 40 of 94

1

What are the three general types of body movements?

Select one of the following:

  • Flexion, extension, hyperextension

  • Gliding, angular movements, rotation

  • Abduction, adduction, circumduction

  • Supination, pronation, inversion

Explanation

Question 41 of 94

1

What are gliding movements like those that occur at the intercarpal joints of the wrist?

Select one of the following:

  • Rotating one bone around its long axis

  • Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones

  • Sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across each other

  • Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Explanation

Question 42 of 94

1

Which of these are types of angular movements?

Select one of the following:

  • Flexion and extension

  • Hyperextension and abduction

  • Adduction and circumduction

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 43 of 94

1

What are angular movements?

Select one of the following:

  • Movements that rotate one bone around its long axis

  • Movements that increase or decrease the angle between two bones and may occur in any plane of the body

  • Movements that slide the flat surfaces of two bones across each other

  • Movements that move a limb away from or toward the midline of the body

Explanation

Question 44 of 94

1

What is flexion?

Select one of the following:

  • Decreasing the angle between two bones, usually in the sagittal plane

  • Increasing the angle between two bones, usually in the sagittal plane

  • Moving a limb away from the body midline in the frontal plane

  • Moving a limb toward the body midline in the frontal plane

Explanation

Question 45 of 94

1

Which of these movements is not flexion?

Select one of the following:

  • Bending the head forward on the chest

  • Bending the body trunk from a straight to an angled position

  • Lifting the arm in an anterior direction

  • Spreading toes apart

Explanation

Question 46 of 94

1

What is extension?

Select one of the following:

  • Decreasing the angle between two bones, usually in the sagittal plane

  • Increasing the angle between two bones, usually in the sagittal plane

  • Moving a limb toward the body midline in the frontal plane

  • Sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across
    each other

Explanation

Question 47 of 94

1

Which of these movements is an extension?

Select one of the following:

  • Straightening a flexed limb or body part

  • Angling the neck backwards

  • Bending the knee backwards

  • Rotating the head left

Explanation

Question 48 of 94

1

What is hyperextension?

Select one of the following:

  • Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones

  • Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

  • Sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across each other

  • Extending a limb or body part beyond the anatomical position

Explanation

Question 49 of 94

1

What is abduction?

Select one of the following:

  • Moving a limb away from the body midline in the frontal plane

  • Moving a limb toward the body midline in the frontal plane

  • Moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space

  • Turning a bone around its longitudinal axis

Explanation

Question 50 of 94

1

Which of these movements is not an abduction?

Select one of the following:

  • Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

  • Raising the arm laterally at the shoulder

  • Spreading the fingers or toes apart

  • Lateral bending of the trunk away from the body midline in the frontal plane

Explanation

Question 51 of 94

1

What is adduction?

Select one of the following:

  • Moving a limb away from the body midline in the frontal plane

  • Moving a limb toward the body midline in the frontal plane

  • Decreasing the angle between two bones, usually in the sagittal plane

  • Increasing the angle between two bones, usually in the sagittal plane

Explanation

Question 52 of 94

1

What is circumduction?

Select one of the following:

  • Moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space

  • Rotating toward the median plane

  • Rotating away from the median plane

  • Turning a bone around its longitudinal axis

Explanation

Question 53 of 94

1

Why is circumduction an angular movement?

Select one of the following:

  • It involves a rotational movement around a central axis

  • It consists of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction performed in succession

  • It slides the flat surfaces of two bones across each other

  • It moves a limb in a straight line away from the body

Explanation

Question 54 of 94

1

What is a rotation movement?

Select one of the following:

  • Turning a bone around its longitudinal axis

  • Moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space

  • Sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across
    each other

  • Decreasing the angle between two bones, usually in the sagittal plane

Explanation

Question 55 of 94

1

What are medial and lateral rotations?

Select one of the following:

  • Medial rotates towards the median plane and lateral rotates away from the median plane

  • Medial rotates away from the median plane and lateral rotates towards the median plane

  • Medial rotates in a circular motion and lateral rotates in a linear motion

  • Medial rotates upwards and lateral rotates downwards

Explanation

Question 56 of 94

1

What are supination and pronation movements?

Select one of the following:

  • Supination involves the radius rotating over the ulna so the palm points downward, while pronation involves the radius and ulna being parallel so the palm points upward

  • Pronation involves the radius rotating over the ulna so the palm points downward, while supination involves the radius and ulna being parallel so the palm points upward

  • Supination involves the radius rotating over the ulna so the palm points upward, while pronation involves the radius and ulna being parallel so the palm points downward

  • Pronation involves the radius rotating over the ulna so the palm points upward, while supination involves the radius and ulna being parallel so the palm points downward

Explanation

Question 57 of 94

1

What is dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Select one of the following:

  • Dorsiflexion lifts the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin and plantar flexion depresses the foot so the toes are pointed.

  • Plantar flexion lifts the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin and dorsiflexion depresses the foot so the toes are pointed.

  • Dorsiflexion turns the sole of the foot medially and plantar flexion turns the sole of the foot laterally.

  • Plantar flexion turns the sole of the foot medially and dorsiflexion turns the sole of the foot laterally.

Explanation

Question 58 of 94

1

What is inversion and eversion?

Select one of the following:

  • Inversion turns the sole of the foot medially and eversion turns the sole of the foot laterally.

  • Eversion turns the sole of the foot medially and inversion turns the sole of the foot laterally.

  • Inversion lifts a body part superiorly while eversion moves the inverted part inferiorly.

  • Eversion lifts a body part superiorly while inversion moves the everted part inferiorly.

Explanation

Question 59 of 94

1

What are protraction and retraction movements?

Select one of the following:

  • The mandible is protracted when you just our your jaw and retracted when you bring it back.

  • The mandible is retracted when you just our your jaw and protracted when you bring it back.

  • Retraction is a portion of the body being moved forward on a plane parallel to the ground and protraction is a movement that results in the retracted portion of the body being moved on a parallel plane, back to its original position.

  • Scapular protraction pulls the shoulder blades together toward the spine and scapular retraction is when the scapulae move laterally away from the spine.

Explanation

Question 60 of 94

1

What are elevation and depression movements?

Select one of the following:

  • Elevation means lifting a body part superiorly and depression moves the elevated part inferiorly.

  • Depression means lifting a body part superiorly and elevation moves the depressed part inferiorly.

  • Elevation is a nonangular anterior movement in a transverse plane and depression is the posterior movement.

  • Depression is a nonangular anterior movement in a transverse plane and elevation is the posterior movement.

Explanation

Question 61 of 94

1

What is the opposition movement?

Select one of the following:

  • Bringing the thumb and a finger tip together across the palm

  • Moving the thumb in a circular motion

  • Moving the thumb towards the midline

  • Moving the thumb away from the midline

Explanation

Question 62 of 94

1

What are the different types of synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Plane and hinge

  • Pivot and condylar

  • Saddle and ball-and-socket

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 63 of 94

1

What are plane synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • The shape of its articulating surfaces are flat and the only type of movements it can make are nonaxial.

  • They have a cylindrical surface that fits a in trough and it uses flexion and extension to make uniaxial movement.

  • They have a rounded surface (axle) that fits into a ring/sleeve and it uses rotations to make uniaxial movement.

  • They have an oval protuberance that fits into an elliptical cavity and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds except rotation & opposition.

Explanation

Question 64 of 94

1

What are hinge synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • They have a cylindrical surface that fits a in trough and it uses flexion and extension to make uniaxial movement.

  • They have a rounded surface (axle) that fits into a ring/sleeve and it uses rotations to make uniaxial movement.

  • They have an oval protuberance that fits into an elliptical cavity and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds except rotation & opposition.

  • They have a concave surface that fits in a convex surface and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds (including opposition) except rotation.

Explanation

Question 65 of 94

1

What are pivot synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • They have a rounded surface (axle) that fits into a ring/sleeve and it uses rotations to make uniaxial movement.

  • They have an oval protuberance that fits into an elliptical cavity and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds except rotation & opposition.

  • They have a concave surface that fits in a convex surface and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds (including opposition) except rotation.

  • They have a spherical head that fits in a cup and is capable of multiaxial movement of all kinds except gliding and opposition.

Explanation

Question 66 of 94

1

What are condylar synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • They have an oval protuberance that fits into an elliptical cavity and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds except rotation & opposition.

  • They have a concave surface that fits in a convex surface and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds (including opposition) except rotation.

  • They have a spherical head that fits in a cup and is capable of multiaxial movement of all kinds except gliding and opposition.

  • The shape of its articulating surfaces are flat and the only type of movements it can make are nonaxial.

Explanation

Question 67 of 94

1

What are saddle synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • They have a concave surface that fits in a convex surface and it is capable of biaxial movements of all kinds (including opposition) except rotation.

  • They have a spherical head that fits in a cup and is capable of multiaxial movement of all kinds except gliding and opposition.

  • The shape of its articulating surfaces are flat and the only type of movements it can make are nonaxial.

  • They have a cylindrical surface that fits a in trough and it uses flexion and extension to make uniaxial movement.

Explanation

Question 68 of 94

1

What are ball-and-socket synovial joints?

Select one of the following:

  • They have a spherical head that fits in a cup and is capable of multiaxial movement of all kinds except gliding and opposition.

  • The shape of its articulating surfaces are flat and the only type of movements it can make are nonaxial.

  • They have a cylindrical surface that fits a in trough and it uses flexion and extension to make uniaxial movement.

  • They have a rounded surface (axle) that fits into a ring/sleeve and it uses rotations to make uniaxial movement.

Explanation

Question 69 of 94

1

Which of these are a plane joint?

Select one of the following:

  • Intercarpal joints

  • Elbow joints

  • Proximal radioulnar joints

  • Wrist joint and knuckles (metacarpophalangeal)

Explanation

Question 70 of 94

1

Which of these are a hinge joint?

Select one of the following:

  • Elbow joints

  • Proximal radioulnar joints

  • Wrist joints and knuckle joints (metacarpophalangeal)

  • Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

Explanation

Question 71 of 94

1

Which of these are a pivot joint?

Select one of the following:

  • Proximal radioulnar joints

  • Wrist joints and knuckle joints (metacarpophalangeal)

  • Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

  • Shoulder joints and hip joints

Explanation

Question 72 of 94

1

Which of these are condylar joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Wrist joints and knuckle joints (metacarpophalangeal)

  • Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

  • Shoulder joints and hip joints

  • Intercarpal joints

Explanation

Question 73 of 94

1

Which of these are saddle joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

  • Shoulder joints and hip joints

  • Intercarpal joints

  • Elbow joints

Explanation

Question 74 of 94

1

Which of these are ball-and-socket joints?

Select one of the following:

  • Shoulder joints and hip joints

  • Intercarpal joints

  • Elbow joints

  • Proximal radioulnar joints

Explanation

Question 75 of 94

1

What is true of a cartilage tear?

Select one of the following:

  • Cartilage rarely repairs itself and the fragments may cause joint to lock or bind

  • Repaired with arthroscopic surgery to remove cartilage fragments which renders the joint less stable but more mobile (complete removal leads to osteoarthritis)

  • Caused when articular cartilage is subjected to compression and shear stress at the same time

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 76 of 94

1

What is true of a sprain?

Select one of the following:

  • Reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn

  • Partial tears repair very slowly because of poor vascularization

  • If torn completely, 3 options: ends of ligaments sewn together, replaced with grafts, allow time and immobilization for healing

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 77 of 94

1

What is untrue of a dislocation?

Select one of the following:

  • Accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and difficulty moving joint

  • Caused by serious falls or contact sports where the bones are forced out of alignment

  • Must be reduced to treat (aka bone ends returned to their proper positions)

  • Also called a subluxation

Explanation

Question 78 of 94

1

What is a subluxation?

Select one of the following:

  • A partial dislocation of a joint

  • Inflammation of bursa, usually caused by blow or friction

  • Inflammation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse

  • Over 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints

Explanation

Question 79 of 94

1

What is bursitis?

Select one of the following:

  • Inflammation of bursa, usually caused by blow or friction

  • Inflammation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse

  • Over 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage
    joints

  • A partial dislocation of a joint

Explanation

Question 80 of 94

1

What is tendonitis?

Select one of the following:

  • Over 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage
    joints

  • A partial dislocation of a joint

  • Inflammation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse

  • Inflammation of bursa, usually caused by blow or friction

Explanation

Question 81 of 94

1

What is arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Over 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage
    joints

  • Inflammation of bursa, usually caused by blow or friction

  • Inflammation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse

  • A partial dislocation of a joint

Explanation

Question 82 of 94

1

What is untrue of arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Most widespread crippling disease in North America.

  • Symptoms: pain, stiffness, and swelling of joint

  • Acute forms: caused by bacteria, treated with antibiotics

  • Acute forms: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis

Explanation

Question 83 of 94

1

What is untrue of Osteoarthritis (OA)?

Select one of the following:

  • Most common type of arthritis and is an irreversible, degenerative (“wear-and-tear”) arthritis

  • Joints may be stiff and make crunching noise referred to as crepitus, especially upon rising

  • Treatment: moderate activity, mild pain relievers, capsaicin creams

  • OA is not usually part of normal aging process

Explanation

Question 84 of 94

1

Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Osteoarthritis may reflect excessive release of enzymes that break down articular cartilage.

  • Osteoarthritis is characterized by inflammation of the joint capsule and excessive production of synovial fluid.

  • Osteoarthritis results from infection of the joints by bacteria or viruses.

  • Osteoarthritis is primarily caused by autoimmune reactions targeting the synovial membrane.

Explanation

Question 85 of 94

1

What is true of gouty arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • It typically affects joint at base of big toe and in untreated gouty arthritis, bone ends fuse and immobilize joint

  • Deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and soft
    tissues, followed by inflammation

  • Treatment: drugs, plenty of water, avoidance of alcohol and foods high in purines (such as liver, kidneys, and sardines)

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 86 of 94

1

How do you treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to decrease pain and inflammation

  • Disruption of destruction of joints by suppressing immune system which slows the autoimmune reaction. Some agents target tumour necrosis factor to block action of inflammatory chemicals

  • Can replace joint with prosthesis

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 87 of 94

1

What is the first step of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Inflammation of synovial membrane (synovitis) of affected joint

  • Inflammatory blood cells migrate to joint, release inflammatory chemicals that destroy tissues

  • Synovial fluid accumulates, causing joint swelling

  • Inflamed synovial membrane thickens into abnormal pannus tissue that clings to articular cartilage

Explanation

Question 88 of 94

1

What is the second step of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Inflammatory blood cells migrate to joint, release inflammatory chemicals that destroy tissues

  • Synovial fluid accumulates, causing joint swelling

  • Inflamed synovial membrane thickens into abnormal pannus tissue that clings to articular cartilage

  • Pannus erodes cartilage, scar tissue forms and connects articulating bone ends (ankylosis)

Explanation

Question 89 of 94

1

What is the third step of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Synovial fluid accumulates, causing joint swelling

  • Inflamed synovial membrane thickens into abnormal pannus tissue that clings to articular cartilage

  • Pannus erodes cartilage, scar tissue forms and connects articulating bone ends (ankylosis)

  • Inflammation of synovial membrane (synovitis) of affected joint

Explanation

Question 90 of 94

1

What is the fourth step of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Inflamed synovial membrane thickens into abnormal pannus tissue that clings to articular cartilage

  • Pannus erodes cartilage, scar tissue forms and connects articulating bone ends (ankylosis)

  • Inflammation of synovial membrane (synovitis) of affected joint

  • Inflammatory blood cells migrate to joint, release inflammatory chemicals that destroy tissues

Explanation

Question 91 of 94

1

What is the last step of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Pannus erodes cartilage, scar tissue forms and connects articulating bone ends (ankylosis)

  • Inflammation of synovial membrane (synovitis) of affected joint

  • Inflammatory blood cells migrate to joint, release inflammatory chemicals that destroy tissues

  • Synovial fluid accumulates, causing joint swelling

Explanation

Question 92 of 94

1

What is pannus tissue?

Select one of the following:

  • Healthy cartilage found in joints.

  • Scar tissue formed after joint replacement surgery.

  • Abnormal tissue growth in the synovial lining of joints.

  • Fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone.

Explanation

Question 93 of 94

1

What is ankylosis?

Select one of the following:

  • Inflammation of the synovial membrane.

  • Abnormal bone fusion, leading to stiffness and immobility of a joint.

  • Degeneration of articular cartilage.

  • Excessive release of enzymes that break down articular cartilage.

Explanation

Question 94 of 94

1

What is untrue of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • Chronic and inflammatory

  • Has a known cause

  • Is an autoimmune disease (immune system attacks own cells)

  • Signs and symptoms include joint pain and swelling (usually bilateral), anemia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, and cardiovascular problems

Explanation

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