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Anatomy
Physiology
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion
Inspection
chemical level (atoms and molecules)
Integumentary
lymphatic
skeletal
immune
muscular
respiratory
nervous
digestive
endocrine
urinary
cardiovascular
reproductive
metabolism
responsiveness
movement
growth
differentiation
reproduction
sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
catabolism
anabolism
ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment
motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, or even organelles inside cells
an increase in size and complexity, due to an increase in the number of cells, size of cells, or both
the change in a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state
the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual
condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant, within physiological limits
intracellular
extracellular
interstitial
body fluids INSIDE cells
body fluids OUTSIDE cells
body fluids BETWEEN cells of tissues
sometimes referred to as the body's internal environment
plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor and vitreous body
2 systems that regulate the body
detects change and SENDS NERVE IMPULSES to counteract disruption
regulates homeostasis by SECRETING HORMONES
nervous system -
rapid changes or slow changes?
endocrine system -
rapid changes or slow changes
pH, Temperature, Wastes, Nutrients, Electrolytes, CO2, O2, Water (bodily fluids)
CYCLE OF EVENTS in which information about the status of a condition is continually monitored and fed back (reported) to a central control region
any DISRUPTION that changes the controlled condition
MONITORS changes in a controlled condition and SENDS INPUT in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center
SETS THE RANGE of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, EVALUATES INPUT it receives from receptors, GENERATES OUTPUT commands
body structure that RECEIVES output commands when they are needed and PRODUCES A RESPONSE or EFFECT that changes the controlled condition
REVERSES the original stimulus and REVERSES a change in a controlled condition (ex: brings heart rate down)
ENHANCES the original stimulus and strengthens or REINFORCES a change
Imbalances in the _________ system can lead to disease or death
Name the 2 main body positions
standardized method of OBSERVING or IMAGING the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references
In anatomical body position, subject stands _______ facing the _________ upper extremities are placed at the _______, palms turned ______ and feet _______ on the floor
RECLINING
body lying face down
RECLINING
body lying face up
imaginary flat surfaces that DIVIDE the body or organs into definite areas
plane that separates left side of body from the right
plane that separates front of body from the back
plane that separates top of body from the lower body (cross sectional)
plane that separates body at an angle
antebrachial
antecubial
axillary
brachial
buccal
carpal
are examples of ________ names
cephalic
cervical
cranial
crural
femoral
gluteal
are examples of ________ names
hallux
inguinal (iliac)
lumbar
mental
olecranal
orbital/ocular
are examples of ________ names
oral
patellar
phalanges
plantar
pollex
popliteal
are examples of ________ names
sacral
sural
tarsal
thoracic
umbilical
are examples of ________ names
anterior
ventral
cephalic
posterior
dorsal
superficial
are examples of ________ terms
deep
superior
inferior
proximal
distal
medial
are examples of ________ names
lateral
contralateral
ipsilateral
are examples of ________ names
opposite sides is referred to as _____lateral
same sides is referred to as _____lateral
inferior is ________superior
superior is _________ inferior
superficial is ___________ deep
deep is __________ superficial
directional term that refers to the front
spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs
posterior or back is also known as _________
body cavity that houses cranial bones and brain
the DORSAL body cavity that houses vertebral bones and spinal cord
the ANTERIOR body cavity that is subdivided by the diaphragm and contains viscera
Thoracic is in the _________ cavity
what cavity are these in?
2 pleural (lungs)
pericardial (heart)
mediastinum (between lungs)
thoracic is in _________ the cranial cavity
together these 2 make up what cavity?
abdominal
pelvic
thin, slippery serous _________ covers the viscera (organs of ventral cavity) in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
lines the WALLS of the cavities
covers the viscera (organs) in the cavities
_______ fluid between the 2 membrane layers reduces friction and allows the viscera (organs) to slide somewhat during movements
fluid responsible for allowing organs to slide somewhat
pleural
pericardium
peritoneum
These are the 3 _________ membranes
what are the 3 serous membranes
pleural membrane surrounds the _____
pericardium surrounds the ________
peritoneum surrounds the _________
name the CENTER REGION of the body
name the 3 regions that are superior to the umbilical
which 2 regions are lateral to the umbilical region
which region is inferior to the umbilical region
which 2 regions are lateral to the hypogastric region
Name the 4 quadrants of the body
