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1 Psychology 001 (Exam 1) Quiz on PSC 1 - Chapter 2 Homework, created by Olivia Tait on 15/10/2015.

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PSC 1 - Chapter 2 Homework

Question 1 of 27

1

Which of the following statements are objective?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The man in the drugstore fell to the floor clutching his chest, and the other customers turned in his direction when he screamed.

  • When the dinner with her husband's parents was over, she was so anxious to leave and go home that she left her coat behind.

  • During the lecture, Daren stared at the ceiling for minutes at a time, took no notes, and looked at the clock 12 times.

  • John became more agitated with Sarah the more she talked about having her mother come to stay for a week.

Explanation

Question 2 of 27

1

Which of the following statements are inferences?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The man in the drugstore fell to the floor clutching his chest, and the other customers turned in his direction when he screamed.

  • When the dinner with her husband's parents was over, she was so anxious to leave and go home that she left her coat behind.

  • During the lecture, Daren stared at the ceiling for minutes at a time, took no notes, and looked at the clock 12 times.

  • John became more agitated with Sarah the more she talked about having her mother come to stay for a week.

Explanation

Question 3 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

Scientific procedures that involve systematically and objectively observing behavior in order to describe the relationships among behaviors and events.

Select one of the following:

  • descriptive research

  • random sample

  • theory

  • hypothesis

Explanation

Question 4 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

A selected segment of the population used the represent the group that is being studied that closely matches the larger group on relevant characteristics

Select one of the following:

  • hypothesis

  • representative sample

  • convenience sample

  • descriptive research

Explanation

Question 5 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

Research approach that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other

Select one of the following:

  • theory

  • random sample

  • experimental method

  • correlational research

Explanation

Question 6 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

Process in which participants are selected from the larger group such that every member has an equal chance of being included in the study

Select one of the following:

  • random sample

  • correlational research

  • theory

  • convenience sample

Explanation

Question 7 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

Tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables that often generates testable questions

Select one of the following:

  • theory

  • random sample

  • descriptive research

  • hypothesis

Explanation

Question 8 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

Research approach that demonstrates cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating a factor thought to produce change in a second factor

Select one of the following:

  • experimental method

  • theory

  • hypothesis

  • random sample

Explanation

Question 9 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

Specific, testable question or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables

Select one of the following:

  • hypothesis

  • descriptive research

  • experimental method

  • random sample

Explanation

Question 10 of 27

1

What is the appropriate term for this definition?

A selected segment of the population that is chosen based on situational factors, such as access or cost

Select one of the following:

  • convenience sample

  • random sample

  • theory

  • hypothesis

Explanation

Question 11 of 27

1

Which of these events are correlational studies?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A researcher wants to know about how people carry large items, so she sets up a hidden camera on the main quad of a large university and videotapes people at various times throughout the day.

  • A researcher wants to know about the spending habits of high-income people, so he sends out a survey to CA residents asking their income and how much money they spent last month on food, luxuries, and entertainment.

  • A psychologist is interested in whether males or females vary in aptitude for social situations. She gives both genders a standardized, self-report survey where they describe how well they handle a variety of social settings.

  • An animal behaviorist is interested in social behavior in monkeys. He has his research team code for the percentage of time that the monkeys engage in social grooming, mating, playing, and fighting

Explanation

Question 12 of 27

1

Which of these events are descriptive/observational studies?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A researcher wants to know about how people carry large items, so she sets up a hidden camera on the main quad of a large university and videotapes people at various times throughout the day.

  • A psychologist wonders about the effect of strong odors on rats' willingness to explore a novel space. She places rats in an unfamiliar box that either does or does not smell strongly of peppermint, and systematically records how much each rat moves about the box.

  • An animal behaviorist is interested in social behavior in monkeys. He has his research team code for the percentage of time that the monkeys engage in social grooming, mating, playing, and fighting

  • A researcher wants to know about the spending habits of high-income people, so he sends out a survey to CA residents asking their income and how much money they spent last month on food, luxuries, and entertainment.

Explanation

Question 13 of 27

1

Which of these events are experimental studies?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A researcher wants to know if the presence or absence of plants increases worker productivity. In three different office buildings, he places large houseplants in half of the cubicles at random and has supervisors evaluate the productivity of all their workers.

  • A psychologist is interested in whether males or females vary in aptitude for social situations. She gives both genders a standardized, self-report survey where they describe how well they handle a variety of social settings.

  • A psychologist wonders about the effect of strong odors on rats' willingness to explore a novel space. She places rats in an unfamiliar box that either does or does not smell strongly of peppermint, and systematically records how much each rat moves about the box.

  • A researcher wants to know about the spending habits of high-income people, so he sends out a survey to CA residents asking their income and how much money they spent last month on food, luxuries, and entertainment.

Explanation

Question 14 of 27

1

"A college professor notices that the farther away students sit from the instructor, the worse their grades in the course seem to be."

Which of the following statement(s) can possibly explain this phenomenon?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Unmotivated students may tend to sit in the back of the room. Unmotivated students may also tend to not study for exams,leading them to do poorly.

  • Students in the back of the room may not hear the lecture well, which may be associated with poor exam scores.

  • As they're doing poorly in the class, students may be discouraged and sit in the back of the room.

Explanation

Question 15 of 27

1

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs.

This study uses a(n) __________________ design.

Select one of the following:

  • experimental

  • correlational

  • descriptive/observational

Explanation

Question 16 of 27

1

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs.

The independent variable in this study is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • word-pairs

  • memory

  • the placebo

  • marijuana (THC)

  • gender

Explanation

Question 17 of 27

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs.

In this study, Group A is the group and Group B is the group.

Explanation

Question 18 of 27

1

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs.

Participants ended up in either group A or group B on the basis of __________.

Select one of the following:

  • random assignment

  • random sampling

  • double-blind procedure

  • single-blind procedure

Explanation

Question 19 of 27

1

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs.

The dependent variable is the study is _______, and was operationalized as ______________.

Select one of the following:

  • memory; the number of word-pairs participants could recall

  • the number of word-pairs participants could recall; memory

  • marijuana; which pill the participant took

  • which pill the participant took; marijuana

Explanation

Question 20 of 27

1

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs.

This study's design helps minimize or eliminate which of the following problems?

Select one or more of the following:

  • experimenter expectancy effects

  • observer bias

  • selection bias

  • variability

  • response performance

Explanation

Question 21 of 27

1

Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs.

If Group A was only tested in the morning and Group B was only tested in the afternoon, this would be a good example of ___________.

Select one of the following:

  • random assignment

  • a confound

  • an expectancy effect

  • a directionality problem

Explanation

Question 22 of 27

1

Which of these studies has a positive/direct correlation?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A government study reveals the more a mother smokes, the more her children are likely to exhibit behavioral problems.

  • A study on the effects of alcohol found that higher and higher doses of alcohol produced increasingly lower scores on a test of memory recall.

  • A psychologist discovers that the less control people feel they have over what happens in their work environment, the less productive they are.

  • A survey of adolescents being treated for eating disorders noted that those who watched the most TV during the week tended to receive the lowest ratings on a measure of general health.

Explanation

Question 23 of 27

1

Which of these studies has a negative/inverse correlation?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A government study reveals the more a mother smokes, the more her children are likely to exhibit behavioral problems.

  • A study on the effects of alcohol found that higher and higher doses of alcohol produced increasingly lower scores on a test of memory recall.

  • A psychologist discovers that the less control people feel they have over what happens in their work environment, the less productive they are.

  • A survey of adolescents being treated for eating disorders noted that those who watched the most TV during the week tended to receive the lowest ratings on a measure of general health.

Explanation

Question 24 of 27

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

A researcher wondered if people have greater need of stuffed animals when they are feeling lonely. They assigned participants randomly to conditions where they either wrote about a recent time when they felt rejected by other people or about a recent time that they went grocery shopping. They then had participants take a product evaluation survey, where they rated the desirability of several products on a 9 point scale, with 1 as “not at all desirable”, 5 as “neutral”, and 9 as “highly desirable.” One of these products was a teddy bear.

When people wrote about a time they were socially rejected, they rated the teddy bear as highly desirable (Mean = 8.40, Standard Deviation = .60) whereas when people wrote about a time they went grocery shopping, their ratings of the teddy bear were more neutral (Mean = 4.79, Standard Deviation = .72). These are ( descriptive, inferential ) statistics. The mean is a measure of ( central tendency, variability ) and the standard deviation is a measure of ( variability, central tendency ).

This difference was statistically significant, t(120) = 11.20, p = .02. The t-test is an example of ( inferential, descriptive ) statistics.

Explanation

Question 25 of 27

1

A researcher wondered if people have greater need of stuffed animals when they are feeling lonely. They assigned participants randomly to conditions where they either wrote about a recent time when they felt rejected by other people or about a recent time that they went grocery shopping. They then had participants take a product evaluation survey, where they rated the desirability of several products on a 9 point scale, with 1 as “not at all desirable”, 5 as “neutral”, and 9 as “highly desirable.” One of these products was a teddy bear.

The results in the above study were statistically significant. What does this mean?

Select one of the following:

  • The observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is practically important and meaningful.

  • The observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is very likely to have occurred by chance.

  • The observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is not very likely to have occurred by chance.

  • It proves the observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is real.

Explanation

Question 26 of 27

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

the extent to which the study actually relates to the real world is ( external validity, internal validity, validity, accuracy, reliability )

the extent to which a measure consistently yields the same result is ( reliability, internal validity, accuracy, validity, external validity )

the extent to which a measure is free from errors ( accuracy, internal validity, validity, external validity, reliability )

the extent to which a measure actually relates to the research question ( validity, reliability, accuracy, internal validity, external validity )

the extent to which the study is free from confounds and systematic errors ( internal validity, accuracy, external validity, reliability, validity )

Explanation

Question 27 of 27

1

Dr. Buttercup wants to do a survey about how people's personality types relate to their favorite colors and hobbies. She wants to use horoscopes as a way of measuring personality because a person's horoscope never changes. (Horoscopes are based on birthdays.)

Which statement is true?

Select one of the following:

  • Horoscopes are unreliable

  • Because horoscopes are highly reliable, they would be an appropriate and valid way to measure personality.

  • Although horoscopes may be reliable, they are not valid since research suggests horoscopes have no relation to personality.

  • Horoscopes cannot be measured accurately and should be avoided.

Explanation

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