cwylie_15
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cwylie_15
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Left and Right RealismRight RealismJames. Q. Wilson& Ernst Van DenHaag - 1975Critique of sociologicaltheory which failed tosolve the problem ofcrimeNegative view on human natureThis human nature needs to be subject to social control and socialisedinto appropriate behaviour.Rational Choice Theory- Clarke and Coleman (1980)criminals will engage in crime if the benefits outweigh the costssolution: increase the cost of crime (tougher punishments)oppose any connection between poverty and crimeincreased affluence, crime has soaredKey factors behind increase in crimeextending the welfare statelack of disciplinein educationdecline of the traditional familyselfish human naturerising crime reflectsineffective and inadequatesocial controlpermissive attitudes allowanti social behaviourfeckless parenting: absent fathers, lackof discipline in education, liberalpolicies of the state all serve toferment crimeresults in spirallingincivilitiesSOLUTIONS TO CRIMEReduce opportunities to offendincrease costs to outweigh benefitsresponsible parentingcrime control should be responsibility of the communitytough punishmentJames. Q. Wilsonif incivilities aren't kept minimal then it allows for wider crime to becommitedadvocates that police adopt a zero tolerance policyreflects the vies of Durkheim in the sense that informal control are crucial for law and order3 Key factors affecting long term crimenumber of young malescost/benefitsinadequate socialisation to norms and valuesCharles MurrayNew right 1990- argues that the underclass are particularly insufficientlyintegrated into society's norms and valuesPaternalism- deviant subcultures of the underclassprone to : criminal tendencies , violence, education and failure welfare dependencyErnst Van Den Haagwilling to cheat to get on and therefore theyneed to be controlled for their own good andof societies.reasonable for the law and order to target the pooradvocates the tough penal system for punishment: corporal and capitalCritique of right realisminfluential to government policy of both the UK AND USAEG: Zero tolerance has been successfully adopted in New York by police.lack of investment in deprived areas rather than incivilities that cause crime increase.easy to pick on scapegoats from single parent familiesMarxists argue that concentration on minor crime, major crime gets ignoredLeft RealismLea and Young (1984)& Mathews and Kinsleysees crime as a real problem for ordinary people and explains itthrough analysis social and economic relationships, and howsome groups become marginalised.Crime is real phenomenonargues the rising crime rate cannot solely be explained bythe 'unreliability of official crime statistics’.Less critical of crime statisticsthan others, and say that theydo not reflect typical criminalsFocus on victims as well as criminalEthnicity and crimeblack criminality: increase in crime among the young blacksaccept that there is institutional racism and a canteenculture amongst policestems from racial discrimination,unemployment and material deprivationthey see black youths havinghigh aspirations but notbeing able to achieve theseaspirationsSees the origin of crime as a three fold:Relative deprivationMarginalisationSubcultureLee and young: black subculture is distinctly differentfrom their parents who accepted theirmarginalised position in society. Black youthsubculture has high material expectations, eg:money and status symbols, flash cars etc... becauseblack youth culture is so engaged with consumptionand wealth, it is that exact reason why theyengage in crimeexam evaluation:young black males by Ralf Nightingale (Philadelphia) and PhilipBourgois (New York). All their work links back to the ideas of Robert Mertonand his ‘strain theory‘ (sharing society’s goals but not having means to achievethem).Lea and Young argue that frustrated from thisdisparity between expectations and the reality oflifestyle leads to feelings of relative deprivation.Lea and Young argue that marginalisation means the process by which certain groupsfind themselves on the edge of society.working class feel alienated by unemployment,low wages, school and police. young black males feel marginalisation throughprejudice and harassment.Policing Problempolice too often resort to military policing tosolve crime through stop and search methods, thisalienates the community from them, recently themuslim culture,Public should have more say in policing policiesSQUARE OF CRIMEtakes us beyond the offender and shows concern for victim patterns and formal and informal factorscrime can only be understood through the interrelationships between these four aspectssocial change and crimeJock Young (1997) also has a generic theory toexplain the recent growth in crime. He argues thatlate modernity is making crime worse in a numberof ways:peoples desire for immediate and personal pleasureless consensus about moral valuesa breakdown from informal social controlsEVALUATION:Relative deprivation or marginalisation cannotexplain the motive behind offender’s actionsfocus on victims as well as offenders is good, addinganother dimension to our understanding of crime.Equally not all people in relative deprivation turn to crime.recognition of multiple causes of crimethat when society’s values break down crime become more likelyDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node