transcription

translation

3 types of RNA

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

Transcription Requires:

RNA polymerase

3 steps of transcription:

initiation
(transcription)

elongation
(transcription)

termination
(transcription)

coding regions

introns

extrons

pre-mRNA

nucleic acid hybridization

RNA splicing

consensus sequences

snRNPS
(small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles)

spiceosome

alternative splicing

Modifications at the ends of pre-mRNA

5' cap

poly A tail

codons

start codon

stop codons

silent mutations

missense mutations

nonsense mutations

frame-shift mutations

2 events that must occur for the protein to be made correctly:

3 functions of tRNA:

anticodon

3 sites of large subunit of ribosome

A site

P site

E site

fidelity function

3 steps of translation

initiation complex

initiation
(translation)

elongation
(translation)

termination
(translation)

polyribosome/
polysome

signal sequence

how a new polypeptide
moves into an organelle

3 modifications performed on proteins after translation:

proteolysis

glycosylation

phosphorylation