Michaela Schaugaard
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Ch. 6 Chemistry and Chemical Safety Milady Foundations book

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Michaela Schaugaard
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Ch. 6 - Foundations

Question 1 of 63

1

Why should beauty professionals study and have a thorough understanding of chemistry?

Select one of the following:

  • Because every product used in beauty and wellness contains some type of chemical

  • Because it is unrelated to the safe operation of a salon, spa, or barbershop

  • Because clients often quiz beauty professionals on this important knowledge

  • Because chemistry experiments are often regular practice at salons, spas, and barbershops

Explanation

Question 2 of 63

1

The effects of cosmetics and beauty products are based on which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • How the body reacts to chemicals

  • How friends and family members react to a new look

  • How pleased the beauty professional is with results

  • How favorably the new styles compare with the old

Explanation

Question 3 of 63

1

Which of the following is true of creams, lotions, masks, and makeups?

Select one of the following:

  • They never contain chemicals

  • They only contain chemicals if they are not made from natural sources such as plants

  • They only contain chemicals if they come from ingredients manufactured in a lab

  • They contain chemicals whether they come from natural sources or ingredients manufactured in a lab

Explanation

Question 4 of 63

1

Any substance that occupies space and has weight is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • a chemical

  • matter

  • potentially dangerous

  • a beauty product

Explanation

Question 5 of 63

1

Everything you touch and see is matter except ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Liquids and gases

  • Chemicals and powders

  • Light and electricity

  • Living and once-living bodies

Explanation

Question 6 of 63

1

Which of the following is the simplest form of chemical matter?

Select one of the following:

  • A liquid

  • A gas

  • An element

  • A chemical

Explanation

Question 7 of 63

1

How many elements are known to society today?

Select one of the following:

  • 118

  • 108

  • 81

  • 18

Explanation

Question 8 of 63

1

Of all the elements known to science today, how many occur naturally on Earth?

Select one of the following:

  • 18

  • 19

  • 89

  • 98

Explanation

Question 9 of 63

1

________ are the basic units of matter.

Select one of the following:

  • Electrons

  • Neutrons

  • Protons

  • Atoms

Explanation

Question 10 of 63

1

Which of the following is an example of a compound molecule?

Select one of the following:

  • The oxygen we breathe

  • The ozone layer

  • Common table salt

  • Pure nitrogen

Explanation

Question 11 of 63

1

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

Select one of the following:

  • Ice melting to become water

  • Water evaporating into the air

  • Exposed metal rusting

  • Liquid nail polish hardening

Explanation

Question 12 of 63

1

Which of the following is true when salt is dissolved into water?

Select one of the following:

  • Water is the solute and salt is the solvent

  • Salt is the solute and water is the solvent

  • Salt and water are both solutes

  • Salt and water are both solvents

Explanation

Question 13 of 63

1

Which of the following is true of all liquids?

Select one of the following:

  • They are miscible

  • They are immiscible

  • They are both miscible and immiscible

  • They are either miscible or immiscible

Explanation

Question 14 of 63

1

When immiscible liquids are combined, they form ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Solutions

  • Suspensions

  • Miscible liquids

  • Stable mixtures

Explanation

Question 15 of 63

1

What is a solute?

Select one of the following:

  • A stable physical mixture of two or more substances

  • A substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution

  • A substance that is dissolved into a solution

  • A liquid not capable of being mixed to form a stable solution

Explanation

Question 16 of 63

1

What is a solvent?

Select one of the following:

  • A stable physical mixture of two or more substances

  • A substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution

  • A substance that is dissolved into a solution

  • A liquid not capable of being mixed to form a stable solution

Explanation

Question 17 of 63

1

Which of the following is true of solutions?

Select one of the following:

  • They are immiscible

  • They are surfactants

  • They are usually a solid color

  • They are stable mixtures

Explanation

Question 18 of 63

1

Which of the following were the first surfactants?

Select one of the following:

  • Motor oils

  • Cooking oils

  • Soaps

  • Nail polishes

Explanation

Question 19 of 63

1

The overexposure principle is used to describe how overexposure determines ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Tolerance

  • Toxicity

  • Safety

  • Immunity

Explanation

Question 20 of 63

1

pH is an abbreviation of ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Potential hydrogen

  • Probable H20

  • Pure hydrochloric acid

  • Productively high

Explanation

Question 21 of 63

1

Why is understanding pH important for the beauty and wellness professional?

Select one of the following:

  • Because it is essential for passing all exams

  • Because employers require it

  • Because it affects the hair, skin, and nails

  • Because it is directly related to income potential

Explanation

Question 22 of 63

1

The pH scale is used to measure ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Acidity and alkalinity

  • Overexposure and underexposure

  • Levels of carbon dioxide

  • Levels of oxygen

Explanation

Question 23 of 63

1

All acids owe their chemical reactivity to ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen

  • The hydrogen ion

  • Overexposure

  • Alkalis

Explanation

Question 24 of 63

1

For which of the following purposes would acids most likely be used?

Select one of the following:

  • To raise the pH of products

  • To swell hair

  • To exfoliate the skin

  • To soften calloused skin

Explanation

Question 25 of 63

1

Acid-alkali neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions, balancing the total pH of and forming water (H20) and ________.

Select one of the following:

  • A salt

  • Nitrogen

  • Carbon dioxide

  • A sulfur

Explanation

Question 26 of 63

1

What does an oxidizing agent do?

Select one of the following:

  • Absorbs oxygen

  • Releases oxygen

  • Increases oxygen

  • Nullifies oxygen

Explanation

Question 27 of 63

1

What does a reducing agent do?

Select one of the following:

  • Adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

  • Subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound

  • Adds oxygen to a chemical compound

  • Subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound

Explanation

Question 28 of 63

1

What accompanies the rapid oxidation of a substance during combustion?

Select one of the following:

  • The production of heat and light

  • An endothermic reaction

  • Neutralization

  • An ionization of the substance

Explanation

Question 29 of 63

1

Which of the following is true of products that are incompatible?

Select one of the following:

  • No two should be stored next to each other

  • They can be safely mixed with proper precautions

  • They should never be used on clients

  • They are always considered dangerous

Explanation

Question 30 of 63

1

Why should ammonia never be mixed with bleach?

Select one of the following:

  • It "discolors" more than lightens the hair

  • It dries of the skin excessively

  • It creates a potentially deadly gas

  • They become unpredictable in their use

Explanation

Question 31 of 63

1

When mixing chemicals, one should ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Avoid rooms or areas that are well ventilated

  • Add the water to the chemical, not the other way around

  • Never use secondary containers, such as spray bottles

  • Use a measuring device, such as a measuring cup or spoon

Explanation

Question 32 of 63

1

Which of the following is true today of the disposal of many of the chemicals used in salons, spas, and barbershops?

Select one of the following:

  • There are no regulations in place anywhere across the United States

  • Most states and counties do not have regulations in place

  • Most states and counties have regulations in place

  • There are strict and universal regulations in place across the United States

Explanation

Question 33 of 63

1

Guidelines for properly storing chemicals include all except which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Never dispose of chemicals in their original containers

  • Never allow chemicals to sit out

  • Always lock up chemicals when not in use

  • Never haphazardly combine two chemicals

Explanation

Question 34 of 63

1

What did the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) replace?

Select one of the following:

  • The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

  • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

  • The National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Explanation

Question 35 of 63

1

An SDS is formatted into ________ categories.

Select one of the following:

  • 16

  • 12

  • 10

  • 8

Explanation

Question 36 of 63

1

How many accepted pictograms are included in all SDS?

Select one of the following:

  • 3

  • 6

  • 9

  • 16

Explanation

Question 37 of 63

1

SDS are designed for:

Select one of the following:

  • Use in an emergency

  • Use only by new employees

  • Use only by managers

  • Everyday use

Explanation

Question 38 of 63

1

In the uniform order of the SDS, which of the following comes immediately after the first category of "Identification"?

Select one of the following:

  • Hazard Identification

  • First-Aid Measures

  • Toxicology Information

  • Disposal Considerations

Explanation

Question 39 of 63

1

Which of the following best describes a carcinogen?

Select one of the following:

  • A substance that causes cancer

  • A substance that is made of carbon

  • A material capable of igniting or burning

  • A material that is very easy to ignite

Explanation

Question 40 of 63

1

A ________ is capable of igniting and burning.

Select one of the following:

  • Combustible

  • Carcinogen

  • Mutagen

  • Chemical

Explanation

Question 41 of 63

1

Abner is opening a beauty business. He knows that his course in chemistry will help him to run a better business because _______.

Select one of the following:

  • It is well known that beauty pros are often part time chemist

  • His clients will demand a high intelligence in chemistry

  • Every product he uses in his establishment will contain some type of chemical

  • Chemical experimentation is essential in beauty services

Explanation

Question 42 of 63

1

Darren has just opened his high-end business. When his first customer enters his establishment and asks if Darren's retail products are chemical free, what should his response be?

Select one of the following:

  • "Yes" if he believes they are, indeed, chemical free

  • "Yes" whether they are or not because the client is unlikely to know the difference

  • "No" if they are not chemical free because honesty is always the best policy

  • "No" because there is no such thing ad a chemical-free product

Explanation

Question 43 of 63

1

Jonathan, a licensed professional with his own business, is driving to the store to buy two dozen large bags of ice. Much of the rehabilitative work he and his employees do for clients relies on ice, and because someone left the freezer door open all night, their entire stockpile of ice is now water. Which of the following happened to the ice when it melted?

Select one of the following:

  • An immiscible reaction

  • A chemical reaction

  • A physical change

  • A chemical change

Explanation

Question 44 of 63

1

Marcus and Amanda are arguing over whether air is a pure substance. Marcus insists that it is, whereas Amanda is certain that it is not. Who is correct, and why?

Select one of the following:

  • Marcus is correct because air contains nitrogen, a pure substance

  • Marcus is correct because there are no pieces of matter in air

  • Amanda is correct because air contains many substances, so it cannot be pure

  • Amanda is correct because air contains no substances at all

Explanation

Question 45 of 63

1

Chloe is making a scented must to use on her clients following their services. Which of the following is true of the drops of lavender extract she is mixing into the water?

Select one of the following:

  • They are solvents

  • They are solutes

  • They are solutions

  • They are immiscible

Explanation

Question 46 of 63

1

Javier is attempting to create a soothing oil to use on his clients during services. The problem Javier is running into, however, is that when the mixture is left to sit for more than 5 minutes, it's components separate. Which if the following is most likely true of the components if Javier's mixture?

Select one of the following:

  • They are miscible

  • They immiscible

  • They are solvents

  • They are solutes

Explanation

Question 47 of 63

1

Jennifer is using a new soothing oil on her clients during services. The problem Jennifer is running into, however, is that when the mixture is left to sit for more than 5 minutes, it's components separate. Which of the following could Jennifer add to her mixture to solve this problem?

Select one of the following:

  • An emulsifier

  • A solvent

  • A solute

  • A suspension

Explanation

Question 48 of 63

1

Gina is considered a bit of a "know-it-all" at work. For example, she's always telling Grace her coworker, "My goodness, Grace, you'd better using the first surfactant regularly." which of the following is Gina most likely trying to say to Grace, in her own strange way?

Select one of the following:

  • Brush your teeth

  • Wash your hands

  • Comb your hair

  • Polish your nails

Explanation

Question 49 of 63

1

Terry experienced no harsh reactions herself to the chemicals she was using on her clients during the first 6 months of owning and managing her business. Since about that 6 month anniversary, however, she has battled continuous skin allergies as well as difficulty breathing. Which of the following best explains this?

Select one of the following:

  • The overexposure principle

  • Neutralization

  • The safety data sheet

  • Emulsification

Explanation

Question 50 of 63

1

Harriet's client Rafael has requested that Harriet use a solution that is neutral to his skin. Which of the following should Harriet be using on Rafael's skin?

Select one of the following:

  • A pH of 0

  • A pH of 5

  • A pH of 7

  • A pH of 14

Explanation

Question 51 of 63

1

Daria's boss has instructed her to create a variety of products and mixtures. The one thing her boss insisted upon was that each have a measurable pH. Which of the following must Daria include in all of her mixtures and products?

Select one of the following:

  • Water

  • Salt

  • Nitrogen

  • Oil

Explanation

Question 52 of 63

1

If you were to leave the freezer open all night, all of the ice will melt. This is a result of _______.

Select one of the following:

  • An endothermic reaction

  • An exothermic reaction

  • Neutralization

  • Ionization

Explanation

Question 53 of 63

1

Why is Maggie most likely confident she'll be made aware of any hazards associated with the product she works with and sells in her businesses?

Select one of the following:

  • Because she graduated from beauty school

  • Because the products all have labels

  • Because the products are registered with the EPA

  • Because none of the products contain chemicals

Explanation

Question 54 of 63

1

Linda's manager told her to use caution when unloading the supply truck on Tuesday mornings. "Make sure to pay attention to certain products and chemicals that are incompatible," he said. What should Linda make sure she does with these types of products?

Select one of the following:

  • Keep them refrigerated

  • Return them to the manufacturer

  • Store them away from each other

  • Avoid letting clients touch them

Explanation

Question 55 of 63

1

Henry's duties include mixing a variety of chemicals for the products and treatment ointments and mixtures they use on customers. When mixing these chemicals, henry should avoid all except which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • The use of uncertain chemicals

  • Adding water to the chemicals

  • Well ventilated areas

  • Misreading chemical labels

Explanation

Question 56 of 63

1

Thomas, owner of a local beauty business, insists that there is an SDS available for every chemical used. Why is Thomas so strict about this?

Select one of the following:

  • Because most clients will insist on it

  • Because it is the most cost effective policy

  • Because it is a requirement of OSHA

  • Because it enhances the image of the business

Explanation

Question 57 of 63

1

Celia, Jamison's client, has asked that he not used any known mutagens in her treatments. Which of the following is the most likely reason she made this request?

Select one of the following:

  • She cannot afford to pay for expensive products

  • She has a fear of fire and things that can easily ignite

  • She has a weakened immune system and is susceptible to cancers

  • Her skin is sensitive to highly acidic products and chemicals

Explanation

Question 58 of 63

1

You are an instructor of beauty and wellness courses at a local vocational school. Teresa, one of your students, asks you why it is so important that beauty professionals have a thorough understanding of chemistry. What do you tell her?

Select one of the following:

  • Without an understanding of basic chemistry, she will not be able to use professional products effectively and safely

  • As she progresses toward a successful career, her clients will become more and more critical of her knowledge of chemistry

  • To someday make it as a business owner, her economic viability is reliant on real chemistry "intelligence"

  • Chemistry is the backbone of the beauty and wellness industry, and if she lacks a high knowledge of it she cannot be part of that industry

Explanation

Question 59 of 63

1

Genevieve is fresh out of beauty school and anxious to open her own business. In gathering research and pricing out products for her shop, she is contacted by a salesperson of massage oils. He tells her his products are all chemical-free, and she should pay the extra cost offer them to her clients. Which of the following would be the best reason for Genevieve to decide against buying the sales person's massage oils?

Select one of the following:

  • The extra cost for these massage oils is prohibitive because she is just starting out

  • Because there is no such thing as a chemical-free product, the sales person should not be trusted

  • Her clients are not likely to appreciate the difference in expensive chemical-free massage oils

  • Chemical-free massage oils are known to leave rashes on sensitive skin

Explanation

Question 60 of 63

1

Daryl works for you, and you recently asked Daryl to mix various solutes with solvents to create solutions as products for clients and customers. Several hours into his work, Daryl comes to you and asks what he should do if certain mixtures will not "mix". Specifically, he says, "In many of the mixtures I am creating, I am combining two or more immiscible substances. What should I do?" What advice
should you give Daryl?

Select one of the following:

  • Keep mixing, as eventually they will combine into a stable mixture

  • Try adding the solvent into the solute, instead of the other way around

  • Incorporate an emulsifier into your mixture in order to create a stable blend

  • Remove any water from the mixture, as this will enhance stability within it

Explanation

Question 61 of 63

1

You are the owner of a high end establishment. Your best beauty pro, Niles, has confessed that the massage oils the employees have been using without incident for many months are now starting to give them terrible rashes and sneezing fits. Which of the following do you use to explain to Niles what has happened?

Select one of the following:

  • The pH principle

  • The overexposure principle

  • Ionization

  • Neutralization

Explanation

Question 62 of 63

1

Shauna is your new client where you work. She has told you that she left the business she previously went to for 3 years because they were not attentive enough to the needs of a very sensitive skin. Shawna, it seems, has very dry, dehydrated, and irritable skin. Which of the following do you advise Shawna on during her initial consultation visit?

Select one of the following:

  • She should avoid using cosmetic products altogether

  • She should not try to change the nature of her skin

  • She should use products that are slightly alkaline

  • She should use products that are very acidic

Explanation

Question 63 of 63

1

Franco is a product chemist, combining chemicals in order to create solutions, suspensions, and emulsions for the purposes of making clients feel, look, and smell better. Most recently, Franco has been working on lotions and creams that, when mixed with activators, warm the bottles in which they are contained. Upon what is Franco relying to create these lotions?

Select one of the following:

  • Neutralization

  • Ionization

  • Exothermic reactions

  • Indos are my reactions

Explanation

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