Esmeralda Espitia
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patho 1 Quiz on Ch. 5 genes, environment, diseases, created by Esmeralda Espitia on 03/02/2022.

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Esmeralda Espitia
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Ch. 5 genes, environment, diseases

Question 1 of 27

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1. The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Incidence

  • b. Prevalence

  • c. Ratio

  • d. Risk

Explanation

Question 2 of 27

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2. The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. Attributable

  • b. Contingency

  • c. Causal

  • d. Relative

Explanation

Question 3 of 27

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3. What are empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Chromosomal testing

  • b. Direct observation

  • c. Liability thresholds

  • d. Relative risks

Explanation

Question 4 of 27

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4. What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Diet high in saturated fats

  • b. Increased production of cholesterol by the liver

  • c. Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell
    surfaces

  • d. Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood

Explanation

Question 5 of 27

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5. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Sodium intake

  • b. Physical inactivity

  • c. Psychosocial stress

  • d. Obesity

Explanation

Question 6 of 27

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6. A student asks, “What is the percentage of all cases of breast cancer that are identified as an autosomal dominant form?” What response by the professor is best?

Select one of the following:

  • a. <1

  • b. 5 to 10

  • c. 15 to 20

  • d. 20 to 30

Explanation

Question 7 of 27

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7. When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of developing breast cancer is how many times greater?

Select one of the following:

  • a. 2

  • b. 3

  • c. 6

  • d. 10

Explanation

Question 8 of 27

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8. Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism when raised by a nonalcoholic parent?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Twofold

  • b. Threefold

  • c. Fourfold

  • d. Tenfold

Explanation

Question 9 of 27

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9. Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity by affecting what?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Regulation of appetite

  • b. Metabolizing of fat

  • c. Absorption of fat

  • d. Altering the sense of satiety

Explanation

Question 10 of 27

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10. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Ovarian

  • b. Lung

  • c. Uterine

  • d. Pancreatic

Explanation

Question 11 of 27

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11. What are blood pressure variations associated with?

Select one of the following:

  • a.1-Adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate

  • b. The release of an antiderietic hormone

  • c. The renin-angiotensin system’s effect on vasoconstriction

  • d. Serum bradykinin, causing vasodilation

Explanation

Question 12 of 27

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12. What are the two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations

  • b. Autoantibodies and obesity

  • c. Obesity and positive family history

  • d. HLA associations and positive family history

Explanation

Question 13 of 27

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13. A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Partial insulin secretion

  • b. An autoimmune cause factor

  • c. Insulin resistance

  • d. Obesity as a common risk factor

Explanation

Question 14 of 27

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14. A patient with several risk factors is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes. The healthcare professional advises the patient to lose weight, explaining that obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus because it causes what?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Reduced insulin production by the pancreas

  • b. Increased resistance to insulin in the cells

  • c. Obstructed outflow of insulin from the pancreas

  • d. Stimulation of glucose production by the liver

Explanation

Question 15 of 27

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15. Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Polygenic

  • b. Multifocal

  • c. Modifiable

  • d. Involuntary

Explanation

Question 16 of 27

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16. Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Genetic

  • b. Empirical

  • c. Relative

  • d. Modifiable

Explanation

Question 17 of 27

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17. Which disease form is associated with identified empirical risks?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Polygenic

  • b. Multifactorial

  • c. Monozygotic

  • d. Genetic

Explanation

Question 18 of 27

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18. The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Relativity

  • b. Survivability

  • c. Prevalence

  • d. Incidence

Explanation

Question 19 of 27

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19. Which type of cancer is said to aggregate among families?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Breast

  • b. Lung

  • c. Skin

  • d. Brain

Explanation

Question 20 of 27

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20. Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Increased consumption of dairy products

  • b. Increased consumption of foods containing vitamin C

  • c. Decreased consumption of foods high in fat

  • d. Decreased consumption of artificial food coloring

Explanation

Question 21 of 27

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21. What is currently believed about the risk for developing Alzheimer disease?

Select one of the following:

  • a. It is not directly related to genetic predisposition.

  • b. It is higher among men than it is among women.

  • c. It occurs less among Hispanics than in Asians.

  • d. It doubles among those with an affected first-degree relative.

Explanation

Question 22 of 27

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22. The number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period divided by the number of individuals in the population is defined as which characteristic of a disease?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Prevalence rate

  • b. Incidence rate

  • c. Relative risk

  • d. Frequency

Explanation

Question 23 of 27

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1. Which are cancers that cluster strongly in families? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. Breast

  • b. Colon

  • c. Ovarian

  • d. Lung

  • e. Brain

Explanation

Question 24 of 27

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2. Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. LCAT

  • b. CHK1

  • c. CHK2

  • d. BRCA1

  • e. BRCA2

Explanation

Question 25 of 27

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3. Which lifestyle modifications affect health-related risk factors? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. Diet

  • b. Exercise

  • c. Education

  • d. Finances

  • e. Stress reduction

Explanation

Question 26 of 27

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4. What factors are typically considered when assessing an individual’s risk for developing such common diseases as hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. Age

  • b. Diet

  • c. Exercise habits

  • d. Family history

  • e. Spiritual beliefs

Explanation

Question 27 of 27

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5. Which are examples of multifactorial diseases associated with adults? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. Breast cancer

  • b. Coronary heart disease

  • c. Emphysema

  • d. Diabetes mellitus

  • e. Schizophrenia

Explanation

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