Halima Mahmoud
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Who doesn't love math huh, I sure do but this quiz is mine :)

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Halima Mahmoud
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MATH QUIZ 2013

Question 1 of 40

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2. ​Identify ​right​ statements concerning pain pathways

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) fast pain fibers of the spinal cord liberate excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate

  • c) upon entering the spinal cord fast and slow pain fibers synapse with the same population of neurons

  • b) most of slow pain fibers finish in reticular formation, rectal area and perpendicular grey region

  • d) paleospinothalamic tract transmits impulses concerning quality, intensity and location of pain

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

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3. Nociception is ​NOT​ conducted by:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) lateral spinothalamic tract

  • b) The same pathway as the sense of vibration and line,

  • c) The same pathway as the input from thermo receptors

  • d) Anterior spinothalamic tract

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

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4. Tapping of patellar elicits reflex contraction of quadriceps muscle, Which of following precedes contraction of quadriceps femoris?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Ia afferents from quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of

  • b) Ib afferents from Golgi tendon organ increase their rate of firing

  • c) alpha-motor neurons innervating extradural muscle fibers increase their rate of firing

  • d) gamma-motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle increase their rate of

  • e) The alpha-motoneurons to the antagonist muscles increase their rate of firing

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

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5. Which of following are elements of reflex arc of the ​inverse​ stretch reflex?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord

  • b) Gamma motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • c) Golgi tendon organ

  • d) Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending e9

  • e) Alpha-motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal mus

  • f) C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle

  • g) Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type La
    sensory fiber

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

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6. Pyramidal pathway are essential for which of the following activities:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Speechandwriting

  • b) Respiratory movements of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

  • c) Motor activities performed with hands and fingers such as taping
    keyboards

  • d) Diadochokineasia

  • e) Kinesthesia and stereoagnosia

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

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Match properly thalamic nucleus with its normal function:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL nucleus ) -Somatosensory afference

  • b) Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) - Vision

  • c) Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) - Rubrospinal tract

  • d) Midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei - Slow diffused pain

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

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15. Identify THE FIRST + LAST stage of phototransduction of rods right after absorption of light:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Hyperpolarization and photoreceptor - last stage

  • b) Activation of transduction - fist stage

  • c) Increase of the concentration of cGMP - first stage

  • d) Changing of the retinal configuration from the cis-form to the more energetic transform - first stage

  • e) Closure of the cGMP-dependent Na+-channel - last stage

  • f) Reduction of the concentration of cGMP - last stage

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

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-16) Visual acuity:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) In the nearest point to the eye at which an object can be brought to into clear focus by accommodation

  • b) Is related to the smallest angle by which two points can be separated
    and still perceived as two points

  • c) Is determined by the perimeter

  • d) Is interfered by defects of accommodation

  • e) Is determined by ophthalmoscope

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

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17​.​ Identify cells which are ​NOT​ elements of the visual pathway:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Bipolar cells

  • b) Cells of the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

  • c) Cells of the medial geniculate body of the thalamus​ - ​Auditory pathway

  • d) Small retinal cells

  • e) Purkinje cells

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

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18. Find right statement concerning audition:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Frequency of vibration of basilar membrane differs from vibration of eardrum

  • c) Outer hair cells of the cochlea help to discriminate loudness of the sound

  • d) Inner hair cells of cochlea function as detectors of the tone pitch

  • e) Tone of 20kHz produces vibration of the entire basilar membrane

  • b) Apical part of basilar membrane resonate most in response to tone of
    200Hz

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

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-19. Identify right statements concerning ß-rhythm appearing on an EEG recording:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) It is present in awake patient with eyes open

  • b) It is made of low frequency high amplitude waves frequency is 8-12 Hz

  • c) It forms sleep spindles of the EEG recording

  • d) It is recorded during REM sleep

  • e) It disappears from the EEG recording after closure of eyes

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

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20. Right LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) is entered by input from

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Temporal half of the left retina

  • b) Temporal half of the right retina

  • c) Nasal half of the left retina

  • d) Nasal half of the right retina

  • e) Both left hemiretinas (left half of both retinas)

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

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21. In ​conductive​ loss of hearing (conductive deafness) of the healthy ear:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) In Weber test, sound is heard louder by the healthy ear

  • b) Rinne test of the healthy ear is positive

  • c) Patients hearing of healthy ear is longer than examiners in Schwabach test

  • D) Air conduction of healthy ear is better bone conduction Vibration in ear

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

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3. Nociception is ​NOT​ conducted by:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) lateral spinothalamic tract

  • b) The same pathway as the sense of vibration and line,

  • c) Thesamepathwayastheinputfromthermoreceptors...

  • d) Anterior spinothalamic tract

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

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11. Which is true about hearing:

Select one or more of the following:

  • b) Apical part of the basilar membrane vibrates from sound of frequency 200 Hz.​ ​

  • c) Middle ear amplifies the sound.

  • d) Inner hair cells detect the frequency of sound.

  • e) Outer hair cells discriminate the loudness of sound ​

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

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22. Which of following statements concerning visual acuity are ​NOT​ TRUE:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) is tested by Snellen letter chart

  • b) Is normal when eyes is able to discriminate details separated by a visual
    angle of 5 minutes of arc (1 min of arc= 1/50 degree)

  • c) it depends on defects of focusing

  • d) it depends on the state of rods

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

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23. Rhodopsin is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Composed of transducin and photopsin

  • b) The G-protein of cones

  • c) Serpentine receptor coupled with G-protein which activates enzyme PDE

  • d) It is a ligand gated channel similar to muscarinic receptor

  • e) Metabotropic receptor located on free floating discs of the outer
    segment of rods

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

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-25. Which of the following cells are able to generate action potential?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Olfactory receptor cells

  • b) Hair cells of the organ of Corti

  • c) Ganglion cells of the retina

  • d) Bipolar cells of the retina

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

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Cross bridge cycle - choose correct order:
a) ADP is released
b) ATP binds to myosin head
c) ATP is hydrolyzed
d) Pi is released + powerstroke
e) A cross-bridge form

Select one or more of the following:

  • b, c, e, d, a

  • d, e, b, c, a

  • a, b, c, d, e

  • c, d, e, b, a

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

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2. Identify ​right​ statements concerning pain pathways:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) fast pain fibers of the spinal cord liberate excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate

  • b) most of slow pain fibers finish in reticular formation, rectal area and perpendicular grey region

  • c) uponenteringthespinalcordfastandslowpainfiberssynapsewiththesame population of neurons

  • d) paleospinothalamic tract transmits impulses concerning quality, intensity and location of pain - ​

Explanation

Question 21 of 40

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3. Nociception is ​NOT​ conducted by:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) lateral spinothalamic tract

  • b) same pathway as the sense of vibration and fine, precise touch

  • c)same pathway as the input from thermo receptors

  • d) anterior spinothalamic tract

Explanation

Question 22 of 40

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4. Tapping of patellar tendon elicit a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Which of the following precedes the contraction of the quadriceps femoris

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Ia afferents from the quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of
    firing

  • b) Ib afferent from the Golgi tendon organ increase their ring of firing

  • c) α-motoneurons (alpha) innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers increase
    their rate of firing

  • d) γ-motoneurons(gamma) innervating the intrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing

  • e) α-motoneurons to the antagonistic muscles increase their rate of firing

Explanation

Question 23 of 40

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5. Which of the following are elements of the reflex arc of the ​inverse​-stretch reflex?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord

  • b) Gamma motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • c) Golgitendonorgan

  • d) Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending

  • e) Alpha-motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • f) C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle

  • g) Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type Ia
    sensory fiber

Explanation

Question 24 of 40

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7. Gracile fasciculus pathway is composed of (mind the order of neurons):

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Neurons in posterior horn of the spinal cord

  • b) Dorsal root ganglion cell

  • c) Neurons in nucleus gracilis

  • d) Neurons in ventral (posterolateral??) nuclei of thalamus

  • e) Neurons in postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

Explanation

Question 25 of 40

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8. Lesion of ​precentral​ gyrus of the left frontal lobe of the dominant
hemisphere leads to:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Inability to perform voluntary movements

  • b) Fluent ​ ​aphasia

  • c) Loss of coordination of movements

  • d) Spastic tone of the contralateral skeletal muscles due to damage of the
    upper neuron of the pyramidal tract

Explanation

Question 26 of 40

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9.Which of the following sentences describe properly fasciculus gracilis:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) it collects sensory input from lower part of the body

  • b) it collect sensory input from upper part of the body

  • c) conducts impulses from muscle spindles + Golgi tendon organs

  • d) it conveys crude (light) tough and temperature sense

  • e) it conveys fine (discriminative) touch and vibration sense

  • f) Second-order neuron is located in medulla oblongata

  • g) Second order neuron is located in posterior horn of the spinal cord

Explanation

Question 27 of 40

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10. Identify statements concerning ​lateral​ corticospinal tract

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) it innervates bilaterally axial muscles (muscles proximal to the trunk)

  • b) it crosses the midline in pyramidal decussation

  • c) first order neurons of the pathways synapse in nucleus rubber

  • d) it reduces the muscular tone of flexors

Explanation

Question 28 of 40

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11. Describe properly the characteristics of the spinothalamic tract:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) it is 2 neuron sensory tract that is localized in anterolateral neural pathways system

  • b) it is a 3-neuron sensory tract that is localized in dorsal columns of the spinal cord

  • c) it conveys sensation modalities such as ticide and itch, temperature, light touch and pressure

  • d) it passes to the contralateral CNS side on the level of the medulla oblongata

  • e) it terminates finally in the somatosensory cortex

Explanation

Question 29 of 40

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12. Indicate correct statements concerning Purkinje cells of cerebellar cortex:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) liberate GABA producing inhibitory effect to neurons of deep cerebellar nuclei

  • b) they project excitatory output to basket and stellate cells through GABAc receptor

  • c) They are excited by glutamate liberated by axon terminals of climbing fibers and parallel fibers

  • d) they are directly activated by mossy fibers

  • e) project excitatory axons converging on deep cerebellar nuclei

Explanation

Question 30 of 40

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13. Which statements are right?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Climbing fiber input exerts a strong excitatory effect on single Purkinje cell

  • b) Basket cells project to deep cerebellar nuclei - ​

  • c) Mossy fibers come from all possible sources except for inferior olivar nuclei

  • d) Mossy fibers come from inferior olivary nuclei - ​Climbing fibers

Explanation

Question 31 of 40

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14. Identify right statements concerning cerebellar function

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Damage of the flocculonodular lobe lead to nystagmus

  • b) Input from cerebro-porto-cerebellar pathways enters dentate nucleus of
    vestibulocerebellum

  • c) Anterior cerebello spinaltract distribute proper rate and strength of muscle cells to postural muscles

  • d) Damage of the cerebellum results with discoordination of all movements
    (ataxia)

Explanation

Question 32 of 40

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15. Which of the following are direct effects of action of ​gamma​ motoneurons?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) stimulate extrafusal muscle fibers to contract

  • b) help maintaining activity of Ia afferent during contraction

  • c) stimulate activity in Ib afferent fibers

  • d) detect the length of resting skeletal muscles

  • e) produce contraction of the nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers

Explanation

Question 33 of 40

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16. Find sentences describing ​cerebellar​ function:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) projects to the motor cortex through ventral anterior (VA) and ventral
    posterior(VP) thalamic nuclei

  • b) influences γ- motoneurons of the spinal cord indirectly through the
    reticulospinal tract

  • c) indysfunctionitproducesinvoluntaryrestingmovementssuchasp<h-roling or resting tremor

Explanation

Question 34 of 40

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-8. ​Identify elements concerning ​lateral​ corticospinal tract:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. it innervates bilaterally axial muscles

  • b. it crosses the midline in pyramidal decussation

  • c. first order neurons of the pathway synapse on nucleus ruber

  • d. Itreducesthemusculartoneofflexors​(

Explanation

Question 35 of 40

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18. Identify right statements concerning the ​ß- rhythm​ appearing on an EEG recording

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) appears when a patient's eyes open

  • b) forms sleep spindles of the EEG recording

  • c) recordedduringNREMsleepofhealthyadults

  • d) represents activity that is the most specific for the frontal region of the conscious brain

Explanation

Question 36 of 40

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19.​ Identify correct statements concerning hyperopia (farsightedness):

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Near point of vision can be located 1 meter from the eye

  • b) it is related to increased focal length of the eyeball

  • c) it is corrected by concave lenses

  • d) Near objects are focused on retina while far objects not​

Explanation

Question 37 of 40

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20. ​Right​ LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) is entered by input from:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Temporal half of the left retina

  • b) temporal half of the right retina

  • d) Nasal half of the tight retina

  • e) Both left hemiretinas (left of both retinas)

  • c) Nasal half of the retina

Explanation

Question 38 of 40

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21.​ ​In conductive loss of hearing (conductive deafness) of right ear

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) In Weber's test, sound is heard louder by the right ear

  • b) Rinne's test of the right ear is positive

  • c) Patient's hearing of the right ear is longer than the examiner's in Schwabach's test

  • d) Air conduction of the right ear is better bone conduction

Explanation

Question 39 of 40

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22. Which of the following statements concerning Visual acuity are ​NOT​ true:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Is tested by Snellen letter chart

  • b) is normal when eye is able to discriminate details separated by a visual angle of 5 minutes of arc (1 minute of arc = 1/60 degree)

  • c) it depends on defects of focusing

  • d) depends on the state of rods​

Explanation

Question 40 of 40

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23. Rhodopsin is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) Composed of transducin and photopsin

  • b) the G-protein of cones

  • c) The serpentine receptor coupled with G-protein, which activates enzyme
    PDE​

  • d) It is a ligand gated channel similar to muscarinic receptor

  • e) Metabotropic receptor located on free floating discs of the outer segment of rods

Explanation

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