In the diagram below, which letter points to a structure that helps with cell attachment, signaling, and recognition of substances?
Structure E
Structure D
Structure I
Structure A
Nome of these
Which letter is pointing to a protein?
Structure C
Structure F
Structure H
Which letter points to a part that is polar and hydrophilic?
Structure J
What is the composition of the nucleus of an atom?
Ions and Electrons
Electrons and Protons
Protons and Nuetrons
Neutrons and Electrons
The diagram illustrates the use of energy by a nerve cell to expel a sodium ion from the inside of the cell. Which of these would best explain why ATP energy is needed to complete this function?
The ion is being transported against the concentration gradient.
The ion has more kinetic energy than the surrounding molecules.
The ion is a waste product that is digested by the cell membrane.
The ion is too large to pass through the cell membrane by diffusion.
Which of these statements correctly describes an example of how monomers combine and create macromolecules?
Amino Acids combine and make proteins.
Nucleic acids combine and make starch.
Glucose molecules combine and make nucleic acids.
Proteins combine and make amino acids.
Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across membranes while others are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?
Impervious
Permeable
Semi-permiable
Diffusion
Synthesis
In the diagram shown here, which of these would best explain why the cells shrunk?
They are in a hypotonic solution.
They are in a hypertonic solution.
They are infected with a bacterium.
They are infected with virus.
What property of water allows it to dissolve many different substances?
It is a polar molecule.
It contains hydrogen molecules.
It has a high specific heat.
It has low density.
Active transport is a term for the movement of molecules from...
an area of low concentration to high concentration.
areas of equal concentration back and forth.
an area of high concentration to low concentration.
a negative charge to a positive charge.
Water will move out of a cell when the cell is placed into a solution that is...
hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic
pure water
Molecules, such as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, move across the cell membrane by...
facilitated diffusion.
simple diffusion.
endocytosis and exocytosis
protein pumps
When energy is not required to move molecules across a cell membrane, the process is called...
active transport.
passive transport.
concentration gradient.
isolation of solutes.
The major difference(s) between active and passive transport is...
active transport involves the use of proteins while passive is not.
active transport is faster than passive transport.
active transport requires energy while passive does not.
active transport most often moves against the concentration gradient.
both of these: active transport requires energy while passive does not AND active transport most often moves against the concentration gradient.
Which part of the cell membrane is hydrophobic?
proteins
cholesterol
phosphate heads
lipid tails
Why do cells not dissolve in water?
Because the proteins in the cell membrane have covalent bonds between amino acids.
Because the phosphate heads of the cell membrane are polar and attract to water.
Because the fatty acid tails of the cell membrane phospholipids are nonpolar.
Because the cytoplasm has a slightly negative charge and prevents water from entering the cell.
The structure of the cell membrane is composed of a bilayer consisting of...
phosphates and lipids.
carboxyl and amino acids.
phosphates and proteins.
proteins and lipids.
All cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have a few common features. Which of the following is found in both cells?
Ribosomes
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleus
RER
Both ribosomes and nucleus
Which part of an atom has the least mass?
Nuetron
Electron
Proton
They all have relatively the same mass.
If an atom has 8 protons and 9 electrons, then the atom is...
a cation.
an anion.
neutral.
polar.
Which part of the cell is responsible for cell growth and is responsible for metabolism?
chloroplasts
cytoplasm
ribosomes
nucleolus
mitochondria
Each beaker shown here contains a cell in a solution. (The white oval shape = cell.) Which of these beakers and cell would be considered isotonic?
Beaker 1
Beaker 2
Beaker 3
Beaker 4
Beakers 2 and 4
In beaker number 3, what would happen to the water?
It would move into the cell by osmosis.
It would move out of the cell by osmosis.
It would move into the cell by diffusion.
It would move out of the cell by diffusion.
What type of molecule help hold the lipid tails together in the cell membrane?
A Carbohydrate
A Protein
A Cholesterol
A Carboxyl group
What type of bond is most often found between carbon and other elements in organic compounds?
ionic
covalent
hydrogen
polar
The high specific heat of water provides what function in living things?
It helps cool the body.
It helps the environment stay warmer.
It allows molecules to dissolve.
It helps it flow through plants.
The chemical structure of starch is shown here. Based on this diagram, starch is a...
monomer.
polymer.
nucleotide.
polypeptide.
disaccharide.
The chemical formula for glucose and fructose are C6H12O6. The structural for each of these molecules are shown. Based on the information given, glucose and fructose would be considered...
monomers of each other.
polymers of one another.
isotopes.
isomers.
Which of the following is not part of the cell membrane?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
All of these are a part of the cell membrane.
If the concentration of the solute of sugar is 1% outside of the cell and 3% inside of the cell, which of the following would occur by diffusion?
The sugar will move into the cell with the help of ATP by diffusion.
The sugar will move out the cell without the help of ATP by diffusion.
The sugar will move into the cell without the help of ATP by diffusion.
The sugar will move out the cell with the help of ATP by diffusion.
Which structure collects and sends molecules to leave the cell by osmosis?
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Golgi Bodies
Marta investigates how water temperature affects the breathing rate of five goldfish. She records the water temperature and counts the number of gill movements of each fish for one minute. Marta slowly raises the water temperature 2 degrees Celsius and then repeats her observations. What is the independent variable in this investigation?
Number of goldfish
Water Temperature
Number of gill movements
Observation time
What process moves a small, neutral atom through the cell membrane?
Direct transfer through phospholipids.
Exocytosis
Active Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Which of these moves a large amount of a liquid substance into a cell?
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
A cell placed in a solution. After 24 hours, its volume has increased in size 3%. In what type of solution was it placed?
could be hypotonic or hypertonic
Cations moving through a protein in the cell membrane are entering the cell through what process?
active transport
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
exocytosis
A cell has 5% glucose and the solution surrounding it is 10% glucose, making the cell compared to the solution.
If a cell filled with 5% glucose is in a solution with 10% glucose, the glucose will move into out of( into, out of ) the cell by diffusion osmosis( diffusion, osmosis ), and the water will move into out of( into, out of ) the cell by diffusion osmosis( diffusion, osmosis ).
In the diagram of a cell membrane, which structure would be an ion channel?
Structure B
Structure C and F
Structure G
Which structure would be a lipid?
None of these
The use of vesicles to transport substances across the cell membrane out of the cell is called...
a protein pump.
endocytosis.
exocytosis.
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