Elisabeth Haasen
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physio cycle 2

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Elisabeth Haasen
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physio cycle 2.2

Question 1 of 44

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4. Tapping of patellar elicits reflex contraction of quadriceps muscle, Which of following precedes contraction of quadriceps femoris?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Ia afferents from quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of

  • Ib afferents from Golgi tendon organ increase their rate of firing

  • alpha-motor neurons innervating extradural muscle fibers increase their rate of firing

  • gamma-motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle increase their rate of firing

  • The alpha-motoneurons to the antagonist muscles increase their rate of firing

Explanation

Question 2 of 44

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5. Which of following are elements of reflex arc of the inverse stretch reflex?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord

  • Gamma motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • Golgi tendon organ

  • Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending e9

  • Alpha-motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle

  • Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type La sensory fiber

Explanation

Question 3 of 44

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2.EEG , normal healthy human

Select one or more of the following:

  • alfa- awake with eyes closed, relaxing

  • beta – awake, aroused with eyes open

  • gamma – focus attention on something

  • delta - sleep

  • teta - sleep

Explanation

Question 4 of 44

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-6. Cerebellar dysfunctions

Select one or more of the following:

  • resting tremor

  • ignition tremor

  • Intention tremor

  • ataxia

  • adiadkinesia, didiadokin

  • muscle aphnemia

Explanation

Question 5 of 44

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13.Which basal ganglia form the corpus striatum

Select one or more of the following:

  • subthalamic nuclei

  • globus pallidus (int.part)

  • putamen

  • substantia nigra

  • caudate nucleus

Explanation

Question 6 of 44

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15. Defect of right geniculocalcarine tract result in decrease visual acuity in?

Select one or more of the following:

  • temporal half of left retina

  • temporal half of right retina

  • nasal half of right retina

  • nasal half of left retina

  • both half of hemis retina

Explanation

Question 7 of 44

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2. EEG in normal healthy awake adults:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Alpha

  • Delta

  • Beta

  • Theta

  • Gamma

Explanation

Question 8 of 44

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5. Defects of right geniculocalcarine tract (left optic radiation)?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Temporal half of left retina

  • Temporal half of right retina

  • Nasal half of left retina

  • Nasal half of right retina

  • Both half of hemis retina

Explanation

Question 9 of 44

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7. What is the main function of Granule cells of cerebellar cortex?

Select one or more of the following:

  • They excite Purkinje cells via their parallel fibers

  • They excite Golgi and Stellate cells via their parallel fibers

  • They excite Purkinje cells via their mossy fibers

  • They excite Golgi and Stellate cells via their mossy fibers

  • They inhibit Purkinje, Basket, Golgi and Stellate cells via their parallel fibers

  • They inhibit deep cerebellar nuclei via their mossy fibers

Explanation

Question 10 of 44

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10. Primary sensory cortex:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Detects specific sensory cortex, input of the peripheral organs

  • Analyzes of specific sensory input

  • Located in postcentral gyrus of Parietal lobe

  • Located in Cingulate gyrus

Explanation

Question 11 of 44

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11. Afferent pathways of Spinal cord:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract pass through ventral posterolateral nuclei of thalamus

  • All afferent pathways are crossed by corticospinal tract

  • Spinothalamic tract conduct exteroceptive, proprioceptive and teleoceptive sensation

  • Second neuron can be located in spinal cord of Medulla oblongata

Explanation

Question 12 of 44

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-14. What is true about muscle stretch receptors?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The flower ending formed by Ia fibers -

  • The annulospiral ending formed by Ib fibers

  • The annulospiral ending is formed by Ia fibers

  • The golgi tendon organ has primary plate ending formed by Ib fibers

Explanation

Question 13 of 44

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-15. Purkinje cells?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Excitatory climbing fibers

  • Release neurotransmitter

  • Release GABA as neurotransmitter

  • Release GABA and Glycine as neurotransmitter

  • Inhibitory.... (missing rest of question)

Explanation

Question 14 of 44

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-17. Phototransduction – in correct order:
a. Retinal configuration from less energetic cis configuration to more energetic trans-configuration
b. Hyperpolarization
c. Closure of Na+ channels dependent on cGMP
d. Opening of Na+ channels dependent on cGMP
e. Activation of transducin
f. Reduced concentration of cGMP

Select one or more of the following:

  • a, c, e, f, d

  • a, e, f, c, b

  • a, f, e, c, b

  • a, e, f, b, c

Explanation

Question 15 of 44

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Emmetropia correction?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Correction: concave lens

  • Correction: convex lens

  • Correction: cylindrical lens

  • No correction needed

Explanation

Question 16 of 44

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Hyperopia correction?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Correction: concave lens

  • Correction: convex lens

  • Correction: cylindrical lens

  • No correction needed

Explanation

Question 17 of 44

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Myopia correction?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Correction: concave lens

  • Correction: convex lens

  • Correction: cylindrical lens

  • No correction needed

Explanation

Question 18 of 44

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Astigmatism correction?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Correction: concave lens

  • Correction: convex lens

  • Correction: cylindrical lens

  • No correction needed

Explanation

Question 19 of 44

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20) True statement

Select one or more of the following:

  • A. Bone conduction compared to air conduction in Rinne-test

  • B. Sound conduction is heard louder in defect ear in Weber-test

  • C. Bone conduction is the main sound conduction

  • Sound frequency ranges between 6Hz – 10KHz

Explanation

Question 20 of 44

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21. Hair cells are located in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • A. Middle ear

  • B. Crista of semicircular canals

  • C. Basilar membrane of organ of Corti

  • D: Scala tympani

Explanation

Question 21 of 44

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24. What is true about paccinian corpsules?

Select one or more of the following:

  • A. They are rapidly adapting

  • B. They are slow adapting

  • C. They cover large area of the skin

  • D. They cover short area of the skin

Explanation

Question 22 of 44

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27. Slow superficial pain:

Select one or more of the following:

  • A. Is not transmitted to Cerebral cortex

  • B. Transmitted by unmyelinated C-fibers

  • C. Is “bright” and easy to locate

  • D. Is “gated” by Spinal cord

  • E. Is modulated by interneurons of gelatinous substance in the posterior horn

Explanation

Question 23 of 44

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1. Which of following statements concerning antinociceptive system of the dorsal ... are true:

Select one or more of the following:

  • tactile cutaneous stimulation conducted by A beta fibers inhibits pain, conducted by C fibers

  • proprioceptive stimulation conducted by A gamma fibers inhibits fast pain conducted by A ...fibers

  • presynaptic inhibition of pain is performed by descending hyperpolarizing on 2nd order

  • tactile cutaneous stimulation conducted by C fibers inhibits pain, conducted by A beta-fibers

Explanation

Question 24 of 44

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2. Identify right statements concerning pain pathways:

Select one or more of the following:

  • fast pain fibers of the spinal cord liberate excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate

  • most of slow pain fibers finish in reticular formation, rectal area and perpendicular grey region

  • upon entering the spinal cord fast and slow pain fibers synapse with the same population of neurons

  • paleospinothalamic tract transmits impulses concerning quality, intensity and location of pain

Explanation

Question 25 of 44

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3. Nociception is NOT conducted by:

Select one or more of the following:

  • lateral spinothalamic tract

  • same pathway as the sense of vibration and fine, precise touch

  • same pathway pathway as the input from thermoreceptors

  • anterior spinothalamic tract

Explanation

Question 26 of 44

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4. Tapping of patellar tendon elicit a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Which of the following precedes the contraction of the quadriceps femoris

Select one or more of the following:

  • Ia afferents from the quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of firing

  • Ib afferent from the Golgi tendon organ increase their ring of firing

  • α-motoneurons (alpha) innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing

  • γ-motoneurons(gamma) innervating the intrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing

  • α-motoneurons to the antagonistic muscles increase their rate of firing

Explanation

Question 27 of 44

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5. Which of the following are elements of the reflex arc of the inverse-stretch reflex?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord

  • Gamma motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • Golgi tendon organ

  • Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending

  • Alpha-motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells

  • C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle

  • Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type Ia sensory fiber

Explanation

Question 28 of 44

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6. Pyramidal pathways are essential for which of following activities:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Speech and writing

  • respiratory movements of a diaphragm and intercostal muscles

  • Motor activities performed with hands and fingers such as taping keyboards

  • diadochokinesia

  • kinesthesia and stereo agnosia

Explanation

Question 29 of 44

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7. Gracile fasciculus pathway is composed of:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. Neurons in posterior horn of the spinal cord

  • b. Dorsal root ganglion cell

  • c. Neurons in nucleus gracilis

  • d. Neurons in ventral (posterolateral??) nuclei of thalamus

  • e. Neurons in postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

Explanation

Question 30 of 44

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8. Lesion of precentral gyrus of the left frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere leads to:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inability to perform voluntary movements

  • Fluent aphasia

  • Loss of coordination of movements

  • Spastic tone of the contralateral skeletal muscles due to damage of the upper neuron of the pyramidal tract

Explanation

Question 31 of 44

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9.Which of the following sentences describe properly fasciculus gracilis:

Select one or more of the following:

  • it collects sensory input from lower part of the body

  • it collect sensory input from upper part of the body

  • conducts impulses from muscle spindles + Golgi tendon organs

  • it conveys crude (light) tough and temperature sense

  • it conveys fine (discriminative) touch and vibration sense

  • Second-order neuron is located in medulla oblongata

  • Second order neuron is located in posterior horn of the spinal cord -

Explanation

Question 32 of 44

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10. Identify statements concerning lateral corticospinal tract

Select one or more of the following:

  • it innervates bilaterally axial muscles (muscles proximal to the trunk)

  • it crosses the midline in pyramidal decussation

  • first order neurons of the pathways synapse in nucleus rubber

  • it reduces the muscular tone of flexors

Explanation

Question 33 of 44

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11. Describe properly the characteristics of the spinothalamic tract:

Select one or more of the following:

  • it is 2 neuron sensory tract that is localized in anterolateral neural pathways system

  • it is a 3-neuron sensory tract that is localized in dorsal columns of the spinal cord

  • it conveys sensation modalities such as ticide and itch, temperature, light touch and pressure

  • it passes to the contralateral CNS side on the level of the medulla oblongata

  • it terminates finally in the somatosensory cortex

Explanation

Question 34 of 44

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12. Indicate correct statements concerning Purkinje cells of cerebellar cortex:

Select one or more of the following:

  • liberate GABA producing inhibitory effect to neurons of deep cerebellar nuclei

  • they project excitatory output to basket and stellate cells through GABAc receptor

  • They are excited by glutamate liberated by axon terminals of climbing fibers and parallel fibers

  • they are directly activated by mossy fibers

  • project excitatory axons converging on deep cerebellar nuclei

Explanation

Question 35 of 44

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13. Which statements are right?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Climbing fiber input exerts a strong excitatory effect on single Purkinje cell

  • Basket cells project to deep cerebellar nuclei

  • Mossy fibers come from all possible sources except for inferior olivary nuclei

  • Mossy fibers come from inferior olivary nuclei -

Explanation

Question 36 of 44

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14. Identify right statements concerning cerebellar function:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Damage of the flocculonodular lobe lead to nystagmus

  • Input from cerebro-porto-cerebellar pathways enters dentate nucleus of vestibulocerebellum

  • Anterior cerebellospinal tract distribute proper rate and strength of muscle cells to postural muscles

  • Damage of the cerebellum results with discoordination of all movements (ataxia)

Explanation

Question 37 of 44

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15. Which of the following are direct effects of action of gamma motoneurons?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a) stimulate extrafusal muscle fibers to contract

  • b) help maintaining activity of Ia afferent during contraction

  • c) stimulate activity in Ib afferent fibers

  • d) detect the length of resting skeletal muscles

  • e) produce contraction of the nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers

Explanation

Question 38 of 44

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18. Identify right statements concerning the ß- rhythm appearing on an EEG recording

Select one or more of the following:

  • appears when a patient's eyes open

  • forms sleep spindles of the EEG recording

  • ecorded during NREM sleep of healthy adults

  • represents activity that is the most specific for the frontal region of the conscious brain

Explanation

Question 39 of 44

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19. Identify correct statements concerning hyperopia (farsightedness):

Select one or more of the following:

  • Near point of vision can be located 1 meter from the eye

  • It is related to increased focal length of the eyeball

  • it is corrected by concave lenses

  • Near objects are focused on retina while far objects not

Explanation

Question 40 of 44

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20. Right LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) is entered by input from:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Temporal half of the left retina

  • Temporal half of the right retina

  • Nasal half of the left retina

  • Nasal half of the tight retina

  • Both left hemiretinas (left of both retinas)

Explanation

Question 41 of 44

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21. In conductive loss of hearing (conductive deafness) of right ear

Select one or more of the following:

  • In Weber's test, sound is heard louder by the right ear

  • Rinne's test of the right ear is positive

  • Patient's hearing of the right ear is longer than the examiner's in Schwabach's test

  • Air conduction of the right ear is better bone conduction

Explanation

Question 42 of 44

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22. Which of the following statements concerning Visual acuity are NOT true:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is tested by Snellen letter chart

  • is normal when eye is able to discriminate details separated by a visual angle of 5 minutes of arc (1 minute of arc = 1/60 degree)

  • it depends on defects of focusing

  • depends on the state of rods

Explanation

Question 43 of 44

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23. Rhodopsin is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Composed of transducin and photopsin

  • the G-protein of cones

  • The serpentine receptor coupled with G-protein, which activates enzyme PDE

  • It is a ligand gated channel similar to muscarinic receptor

  • Metabotropic receptor located on free floating discs of the outer segment of rods

Explanation

Question 44 of 44

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5. Identify right statement concerning the alpha-rhythm appearing in EEG:

Select one or more of the following:

  • It is present in awake patients with eyes open

  • Made up by low frequency high amplitude waves frequency is 8-13 Hz

  • it forms sleep spindle of EEG

  • It is typically recorded in occipital lobe (or similar)

  • Typical rhythm of frontal lobe are in unconscious and conscious person

Explanation

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