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Mind Map
by
Luis Pablo Salgado Blas
, created
more than 1 year ago
Mind map that explains phrasal structure and verb complementation in English grammar
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grammar
english grammar
phrase structure grammar
generative transformational grammar
chomsky
verb complementation
linguistics
teaching
syntax
Created by
Diana Soto Linares
almost 6 years ago
Copied by
Luis Pablo Salgado Blas
over 3 years ago
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34602856
mind_map
2021-11-20T18:45:31Z
Diagramming
Hierarchical
structure
Linear order
of words on
the surface
Active vs
passive
sentences
"visiting
relatives can be
tiresome"
Structural
ambiguity
Valorative vs
corresponding
interrogation
Does not deal
with deep
structure
Immediate
constituent
analysis
Abstract level
in which all
meaning
resides
Deep
structure
(D-structure)
Set of ordered
rules which are
applied
stepwise
B + C are daughters to A
and sisters to each other
A= Branching node
C= Non-branching
node
B and C are constituend
because are dominated
by a single node (A)
Proper subparts
of sentences
"I received beautiful
flowers for my bithday"
"though beautiful,
flowers cause me to
sneeze"
"Beautiful
flowers"
Not all sequences of words work
as constituents, only entire
constituents are movable
Words or sequences of
words with syntactic
significance
Formed by phrases
"Blue
eyes"
"Deep blue
eyes"
The modifier can be
omitted but not the
head
One-way dependency
(modifier-head)
"run a race"
Verb/object
"be a fool"
Verb/complement
"on the shore"
Preposition/complement
"dear to me"
Adjective/complement
"the weather is improving"
Subject/predicate
Neither sister can
be omitted
Mutual dependency
(governor-component)
Relationships
CONSTITUENT
A dominates
B and C but
not D
DOMINATION
A dominates
B, C and D
IMMEDIATE
DOMINATION
Formed
by
nodes
Tree
diagram
a[b[D]C]
Notational
variant
"A is rewritten as B
followed by C"
A ā ({B, C})
D
A ā (B) C
Optionally B
Obligatory C
A ā {B, C}
Only one of
the options
Choices
A ā B + C
C ā D
A single symbol on
the left and one or
more on the right
Rewrite rules
Phrase
structure
grammar
Level in which elements can be
re-arranged, deleted or changed
without changing meaning
ā
Surface estructure
(S-structure)
Chomsky
Transformational
grammar
Grammatical
ā
"Colorless green
ideas sleep
furiously"
Meaningful
FORM OF SENTENCES
CONSTITUTIVE:
grammatical
structure
REGULATORY:
"good" forms
to use
Quality
Intensity
Degree
adverbs
Degree words
"The very
fiercely
barking dog"
Adjective
(AP)
(before
noun)
Modifier of
adjectives
Adverb phrase
(AdvP)
"right after lunch"
"straight along
this road"
Right, straight, slap
Prepositional
specifiers
(Pspec)
Contains a
preposition
modifier of the
noun
Preposition
(PP)
(after
noun)
And, or, but...
Conjoins two or
more constituents
Conjunction
"The large dogs"
Noun
(obligatory)
This, that,
these, those
(Dem)onstrators
Some, any, every...
(Q)uantifiers
My, your, her, their...
(Poss)esive
A, an, the
(Art)icles
Which, where, how,
when, who, what, why
(Wh)-
words
Determiner
NOUN PHRASE
Lexical verb with or without a
particle (verb in base form)
Verb group (Vgr)
"Reynald broke
the vase"
Hit, kill,
eat, break
__NP
(direct
object)
TRANSITIVE
"he sent Olga roses"
Give, send,
tell, lend, buy
offer, show
__NP1
__NP2
DITRANSITIVE
"she argued with
him about money"
Confer, talk,
consult, argue
__PP PP
DIPREPOSITIONAL
"he agreed to the terms" "she
stood on the ladder"
Stand, lie, lean,
hang, sit, flow
Locative
Agree, work, defend, look,
refer, insist, respond
Non-locative
__ PP
PREPOSITIONAL
"the package
has arrived"
Arrive, cry,
laugh, swim
__# (no complement is
required or allowed)
INTRANSITIVE
__NP NP "we consider him a fool"
__NP AP "she made him unhappy"
__NP PP "they regard that as the best
design"
Hang, put, place
lay, set, touch,
shoot, pierce
Locative
Find, consider, make,
think, elect, call, hold,
regard, take, devote
Non-locative
__ NP {NP, AP. PP}
COMPLEX TRANSITIVE
__NP "Priya is a scientist"
__AP "Priya seems tired"
__PP "Priya is in a good
mood"
Become, seem, appear,
feel. be, grow, look
__ {NP, AP, PP}
COPULATIVE
__NP
__AP
__PP
Verb complementation
(subcategorization)
VERB PHRASE
Categories
SUBJECT: Topic, actor,
thing that is being
talked about
PREDICATE: comment,
action, that which is
said about the subject
Functions
PHRASE
STRUCTURE
The rules are finite in number
but must produce any
possible sentence in English
Constitutive rather
than regulatory rules
GENERATIVE GRAMMAR
APPROACH
SYNTAX
PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR
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34602856
mind_map
2021-11-20T18:45:31Z
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