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Final practice exam

Question 1 of 55

1

which of the following substances acts at the NMJ to excite the muscle fibers of the motor unit?

Select one of the following:

  • acetylcholine

  • creatine

  • ATP

Explanation

Question 2 of 55

1

a college volleyball player begins resistance training for the first time. what muscle fiber types will hypertrophy first?

Select one of the following:

  • fast twitch

  • slow twitch

  • muscle spindle

Explanation

Question 3 of 55

1

a 22 yr old soccer player begins resistance training for the first time. his chosen exercises include those for all major muscle groups. after 3 weeks, he notices an increase in lower extremity strength. which of the following best explains this athletes

Select one of the following:

  • improved motor control

  • increased hypertrophy

  • increase cross section area

Explanation

Question 4 of 55

1

which of the following results from adding resistance training to a marathoners aerobic exercise training program?

Select one of the following:

  • short-term endurance may improve

  • max o2 uptake increases

  • max o2 uptake decreases

Explanation

Question 5 of 55

1

a bundle of muscle fibers is called

Select one of the following:

  • fasiculus

  • motor unit

  • tetanus

Explanation

Question 6 of 55

1

to which of the following structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action?

Select one of the following:

  • actin

  • myosin

  • m- bridge

Explanation

Question 7 of 55

1

which of the following substances regulates muscle actions?

Select one of the following:

  • calcium

  • potassium

  • phosphorus

Explanation

Question 8 of 55

1

which of the following best describes what occurs during a concentric muscle action?

Select one of the following:

  • resistance is greater than muscle force

  • resistance is equal to muscle force

  • resistance is less than muscle force

Explanation

Question 9 of 55

1

which of the following will increase force produced during a concentric muscle action?

Select one of the following:

  • agonist prestretching

  • more calcium released in the myofibril

  • both of these

Explanation

Question 10 of 55

1

the knee joint can be described as

Select one of the following:

  • synovial

  • cartilaginous

  • multiaxial

Explanation

Question 11 of 55

1

which of the following defines power?

Select one of the following:

  • force * velocity

  • mass * acceleration

  • force * distance

Explanation

Question 12 of 55

1

to compare performances of lifters of different body weights, the classical formula divides

Select one of the following:

  • body weight to the 2/3 power

  • the lift by body weight

  • body weight squared

Explanation

Question 13 of 55

1

a vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement in primarily which plane?

Select one of the following:

  • sagittal

  • frontal

  • transverse

Explanation

Question 14 of 55

1

a person is performing a concentric isokinetic elbow flexion and extension exercise. which of the following types of levers occur at the elbow during this exercise?

Select one of the following:

  • first class and third class

  • second class and third class

  • first class and second class

Explanation

Question 15 of 55

1

resistance exercise programs designed to stimulate new bone formation should emphasize all of the following EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • variation in exercise selection

  • progressive overload

  • metabolic specificity

Explanation

Question 16 of 55

1

a 17 year old HS cross country runner has been training aerobically for 6 months in preparation for the upcoming season. which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that time?

Select one of the following:

  • increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes

  • hypertrophy of type I fibers

  • increased type II fibers

Explanation

Question 17 of 55

1

which of the following is NOT a primary function of cartilage?

Select one of the following:

  • aids in the attachment of muscle to bone

  • connects bones together

  • improves shock absorption in joints

Explanation

Question 18 of 55

1

which of the following occurs as a result of a combination of heavy resistance training and aerobic training?

Select one of the following:

  • increased cartilage thickness

  • decreased cartilage thickness

  • joint degeneration

Explanation

Question 19 of 55

1

in general, which of the following types of tissue has the poorest blood supply?

Select one of the following:

  • cartilage

  • tendon

  • muscle

Explanation

Question 20 of 55

1

which of the following is the ultimate source of energy for contraction?

Select one of the following:

  • ATP

  • NADH

  • O2

Explanation

Question 21 of 55

1

which of the following can be metabolized anaerobically?

Select one of the following:

  • carbohydrate

  • fat

  • protein

Explanation

Question 22 of 55

1

the energy system used depends primarily on the athlete's

Select one of the following:

  • exercise intensity

  • exercise duration

  • body composition

Explanation

Question 23 of 55

1

the production of lactic acid results from the activation of

Select one of the following:

  • fast glycolysis

  • the phosphagen system

  • fat oxidation

Explanation

Question 24 of 55

1

which of the following pathways/systems has the highest rate of energy production?

Select one of the following:

  • phosphagen system

  • fat oxidation

  • fast glycolysis

Explanation

Question 25 of 55

1

in the oxidative system approximately how many ATPs are produced from the degradation of 1 glucose molecule?

Select one of the following:

  • 38

  • 41

  • 36

Explanation

Question 26 of 55

1

which of the following pathways/systems supports the initiation of all exercise?

Select one of the following:

  • phosphagen system

  • fast glycolysis

  • slow glycolysis

Explanation

Question 27 of 55

1

which of the following enzymes catalyzes the rate limiting step of glycolysis?

Select one of the following:

  • PFK

  • lactate dehydrogenase

  • phosphorylase

Explanation

Question 28 of 55

1

following a bout of resistance exercise training, acute hormonal secretions provide all the following information to the body EXCEPT the

Select one of the following:

  • amount of physiological stress

  • metabolic demands of exercise

  • type of physiological stress

Explanation

Question 29 of 55

1

which of the following hormones enhance muscle tissue growth

Select one of the following:

  • growth hormone

  • cortisol

  • both of these

Explanation

Question 30 of 55

1

growth hormone provides all of the following physiological roles EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • decreased collagen synthesis

  • increased lipolysis

  • increased amino acid transport

Explanation

Question 31 of 55

1

which of the following hormones has the greatest influence on neural changes?

Select one of the following:

  • testosterone

  • IGF

  • growth hormone

Explanation

Question 32 of 55

1

through which of the following valves does blood flow after contraction of the left ventricle?

Select one of the following:

  • aortic

  • pulmonary

  • mitral (bicuspid)

Explanation

Question 33 of 55

1

which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG?

Select one of the following:

  • repolarization of the ventricle

  • repolarization of the atrium

  • depolarization of the atrium

Explanation

Question 34 of 55

1

in what portion of the lungs does gas exchange occur?

Select one of the following:

  • alveoli

  • trachea

  • bronchus

Explanation

Question 35 of 55

1

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the

Select one of the following:

  • stroke volume

  • a-vo2 difference

  • cardiac output

Explanation

Question 36 of 55

1

all of the following normally increase during aerobic exercise EXCEPT:

Select one of the following:

  • diastolic blood pressure

  • cardiac output

  • end diastolic volume

Explanation

Question 37 of 55

1

which of the following best describes the change in stroke volume during heavy resistance exercise?

Select one of the following:

  • stays the same

  • increases

  • increases, then plateuas

Explanation

Question 38 of 55

1

the mean arterial pressure is defines as:

Select one of the following:

  • average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

  • average of systolic and diastolic blood pressures

  • average systolic blood pressure during exercise

Explanation

Question 39 of 55

1

high intensity, low repetition resistance training results in which of the following adaptations?

Select one of the following:

  • decreased capillary density

  • decreased tidal volume

  • no change in maximal o2 uptake

Explanation

Question 40 of 55

1

which of the following is an early adjustment to acclimatizing to high altitude?

Select one of the following:

  • increased resting cardiac output

  • decreased tidal volume

  • increased stroke volume

Explanation

Question 41 of 55

1

chronic training involving the fast
glycolysis energy system results in improved buffering of which of the following substances?

Select one of the following:

  • hydrogen ions

  • blood lactate

  • glycogen

Explanation

Question 42 of 55

1

primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include the following?

Select one of the following:

  • increased capillary density

  • increased running economy

  • decreased blood lactate concentration

Explanation

Question 43 of 55

1

when males and females are compared relative to muscle cross- sectional area, it appears that the potential for force production is:

Select one of the following:

  • greater in males

  • greater in females

  • equal in males and females

Explanation

Question 44 of 55

1

which of the following is the most significant adaptation to chronic resistance training in older adults?

Select one of the following:

  • increased muscle mass

  • increased cardiovascular fitness

  • improved blood lipid profile

Explanation

Question 45 of 55

1

an 8 yr old boy has observed dramatic increases in his upper-body strength following 6 months of resistance training. which of the following is most likely to be responsible for this gain?

Select one of the following:

  • increased size of muscle

  • increased number of muscle fibers

  • improved neuromuscular functioning

Explanation

Question 46 of 55

1

growth cartilage in children is located in all of the following locations EXCEPT:

Select one of the following:

  • the diaphysis

  • the epiphyseal plate

  • apophyseal insertion

Explanation

Question 47 of 55

1

all of the following are likely benifits of preadolescent resistance training EXCEPT increased:

Select one of the following:

  • muscle hypertrophy

  • bone density

  • resistance to injury

Explanation

Question 48 of 55

1

the condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than -2.5 SD below the young adult mean is called:

Select one of the following:

  • osteoporosis

  • osteopenia

  • sarcopenia

Explanation

Question 49 of 55

1

deconditioned college female athletes who participate in sports such as basketball and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the:

Select one of the following:

  • knee

  • growth plate

  • back

Explanation

Question 50 of 55

1

an olympic weightlifter attempting a personal record is able to ignore the audience to concentrate solely on her performance. which of the following abilities is this athlete most likely using to perform the lift?

Select one of the following:

  • selective attention

  • somatic anxiety

  • selective attention

Explanation

Question 51 of 55

1

prior to performing the long jump, an athlete reviews and concentrates on the technique required to jump as far as possible. which of the following strategies is the athlete using to prepare for the jump?

Select one of the following:

  • focusing on task relevant cues

  • state anxiety

  • MAF

Explanation

Question 52 of 55

1

which of the following is most important to achieving the ideal performance state?

Select one of the following:

  • personal control

  • broad focus on the activity and the environment

  • fear of failure

Explanation

Question 53 of 55

1

an athletes desire to perform to his/her potential is an example of:

Select one of the following:

  • intrinsic motivation

  • achievement motivation

  • dissociation

Explanation

Question 54 of 55

1

for the high school football team, if any player squats two times his bodyweight, his name is placed on the wall. this is an example of:

Select one of the following:

  • positive punishment

  • positive reinforcement

  • negative reinforcement

Explanation

Question 55 of 55

1

how does an athlete's amount, or latitude, of optimal arousal change with limited skill and ability of the activity?

Select one of the following:

  • it decreases

  • it increases

  • it has no effect

Explanation

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